Antimicrobials I Flashcards
PCN G
IV/IM form
PCN V
oral form
penicillin
bind PCN-binding protein - transpeptidase
-blocks crosslinking peptidoglycan
coverage of PCN
gram positive organisms
gram neg cocci - neisseria meningitidis
spirochetes - t. pallidum
resistance to PCN
penicillinase - beta-lactamase
cleaves beta lactam ring
amoxicillin
penicillinase sensitive PCN
-aminopenicillin
ampicillin
penicillinase sensitive PCN
-aminopenicillin
coverage of amoxicillin and ampicillin
HHELPSS
h. flu
h. oylori
e. coli
listeria
proteus
salmonella
shigella
HHELPS
coverage amoxicillin and ampicillin
h. flu
h. oylori
e. coli
listeria
proteus
salmonella
shigella
adverse of amoxicillin/ampicillin
pseudomembranous colitis
rash with amoxicillin or ampicillin
consider underlying mononucleosis infection
aminoPCN rxn
dicloxacillin
penicillinase resistant penicillin
nafcillin
penicillinase resistant penicillin
oxacillin
penicillinase resistant penicillin
penicillinase resistant penicillin
resistant to penicillinase - bc of bulky R group
blocks access of beta-lactamase
coverage of penicillin resistant penicillins
staph aureus
not MRSA
piperacillin
antipseudomonal
ticarillin
antipseudomonal
antipseudomonals
penicillin mechanism of action
coverage antipseudomonals
pseudomonas
gram neg rods
susceptible to penicillinase
use with beta-lactam inhibitor
clavulinic acid
beta-lactamase inhibitor
sulbactam
beta-lactamase inhibitor
tazobactam
beta-lactamase inhibitor
beta-lactamase inhibitors
add to PCN antibiotics - to protect antibiotic from destruction by beta-lactamase
tx syphilis
PCN G
tx UTI
amoxicillin
tx neonatal listeria/group B strep
ampicillin
tx resistant otitis media
amoxicillin and clavulinic acid
cephalosporin
beta-lactam drug
- inhibit cell wall synthesis
- less susceptible to penicillinases
not covered by cephalosporin
LAME
listeria
atypicals
mycoplasma
enterococci
cefazolin
1st gen cephalosporin
cephalexin
1st gen cephalosporin
generation of cephalosporins
as get to further generation
- more gram negative coverage
- less gram positive coverage
1st generation cephalosporin gram coverage
gram positive
proteus
e. coli
klebsiella
PeCK coverage
1st gen cephalosporins
proteus
e. coli
klebsiella
cefoxitin
2nd gen cephalosporin
cefaclor
2nd gen cephalosporin
cefuroxime
2nd gen cephalosporin
2nd gen cephalosporin coverage
HEN PEcKS
h. fluc enterobacter aerogenes neisseria proteus e. coli klebsiella serratia
ceftriaxone
3rd gen cephalosporin
cefotaxime
3rd gen cephalosporin
ceftazidime
3rd gen cephalosporin
3rd gen cephalosporin coverage
serious gram negatives
ceftriaxone - meningitis, gonorrhea, disseminated lyme
ceftazidine - pseudomonas
tx disseminated lyme
ceftriaxone
ceftaroline
5th gen cephalosporin
5th gen cephalosporin coverage
broad gram positive and gram negative
does not cover pseudomonas
pseudomonas cephalosporin
covered by cefepime - 4h generation
cefepime
4th gen cephalosporin
increased nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides
with cephalosporins