Antimicrobials I Flashcards by Matt Stanton

PCN G

IV/IM form

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PCN V

oral form

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penicillin

bind PCN-binding protein - transpeptidase

-blocks crosslinking peptidoglycan

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coverage of PCN

gram positive organisms
gram neg cocci - neisseria meningitidis
spirochetes - t. pallidum

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resistance to PCN

penicillinase - beta-lactamase

cleaves beta lactam ring

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amoxicillin

penicillinase sensitive PCN

-aminopenicillin

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ampicillin

penicillinase sensitive PCN

-aminopenicillin

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coverage of amoxicillin and ampicillin

HHELPSS

h. flu
h. oylori
e. coli
listeria
proteus
salmonella
shigella

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HHELPS

coverage amoxicillin and ampicillin

h. flu
h. oylori
e. coli
listeria
proteus
salmonella
shigella

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adverse of amoxicillin/ampicillin

pseudomembranous colitis

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rash with amoxicillin or ampicillin

consider underlying mononucleosis infection

aminoPCN rxn

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dicloxacillin

penicillinase resistant penicillin

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nafcillin

penicillinase resistant penicillin

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oxacillin

penicillinase resistant penicillin

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penicillinase resistant penicillin

resistant to penicillinase - bc of bulky R group

blocks access of beta-lactamase

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coverage of penicillin resistant penicillins

staph aureus

not MRSA

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piperacillin

antipseudomonal

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ticarillin

antipseudomonal

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antipseudomonals

penicillin mechanism of action

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coverage antipseudomonals

pseudomonas
gram neg rods
susceptible to penicillinase

use with beta-lactam inhibitor

clavulinic acid

beta-lactamase inhibitor

sulbactam

beta-lactamase inhibitor

tazobactam

beta-lactamase inhibitor

beta-lactamase inhibitors

add to PCN antibiotics - to protect antibiotic from destruction by beta-lactamase

tx syphilis

PCN G

tx UTI

amoxicillin

tx neonatal listeria/group B strep

ampicillin

tx resistant otitis media

amoxicillin and clavulinic acid

cephalosporin

beta-lactam drug - inhibit cell wall synthesis - less susceptible to penicillinases

not covered by cephalosporin

LAME listeria atypicals mycoplasma enterococci

cefazolin

1st gen cephalosporin

cephalexin

1st gen cephalosporin

generation of cephalosporins

as get to further generation - more gram negative coverage - less gram positive coverage

1st generation cephalosporin gram coverage

gram positive proteus e. coli klebsiella

PeCK coverage

1st gen cephalosporins proteus e. coli klebsiella

cefoxitin

2nd gen cephalosporin

cefaclor

2nd gen cephalosporin

cefuroxime

2nd gen cephalosporin

2nd gen cephalosporin coverage

HEN PEcKS ``` h. fluc enterobacter aerogenes neisseria proteus e. coli klebsiella serratia ```

ceftriaxone

3rd gen cephalosporin

cefotaxime

3rd gen cephalosporin

ceftazidime

3rd gen cephalosporin

3rd gen cephalosporin coverage

serious gram negatives ceftriaxone - meningitis, gonorrhea, disseminated lyme ceftazidine - pseudomonas

tx disseminated lyme

ceftriaxone

ceftaroline

5th gen cephalosporin

5th gen cephalosporin coverage

broad gram positive and gram negative does not cover pseudomonas

pseudomonas cephalosporin

covered by cefepime - 4h generation

cefepime

4th gen cephalosporin

increased nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides

with cephalosporins