Endocrine I

Question 1

tx strategy DM I

Answer 1

low carb diet

insulin replacement

Question 2

tx strategy DM II

Answer 2

diet modify, exercise

Question 3

tx gestational DM

Answer 3

dietary mod, exercise, insulin replacement of lifestyle mod fails

Question 4

aspart

Answer 4

fast acting insulin

Question 5

glulisine

Answer 5

fast acting insulin

Question 6

lispro

Answer 6

fast acting insulin

Question 7

regular insulin

Answer 7

short acting

Question 8

postprandial glucose control

Answer 8

rapid acting

Question 9

NPH

Answer 9

intermediate acting insulin

Question 10

detemir

Answer 10

long acting insulin

Question 11

glargine

Answer 11

long acting insulin

Question 12

metformin

Answer 12

biguanide

Question 13

biguanide MOA

Answer 13

decreased gluconeogenesis
increased glycolysis
increased peripheral glucose uptake (insulin sens)

Question 14

first like therapy DM II

Answer 14

metformin

Question 15

adverse metformin

Answer 15

GI upset

lactic acidosis - CI in renal insufficiency

Question 16

insulin receptor

Answer 16

tyrosine kinase activity

liver - increase glucose stored as glycogen
muscle - increased glycogen and protein synthesis
fat - increased TG storage

Question 17

chlorpropamide

Answer 17

first gen sulfonylurea

Question 18

tolbutamide

Answer 18

first gen sulfonylurea

Question 19

glumepriride

Answer 19

second gen sulfonylurea

Question 20

glipizide

Answer 20

second gen sulfonylurea

Question 21

glyburide

Answer 21

second gen sulfonylurea

Question 22

sulfonylurea MOA

Answer 22

close K channel in beta cell membrane - cell depolarize

-result in insulin release - increased Ca influx

Question 23

stimulate endogenous insulin in DM II

Answer 23

sulfonylurea

require islet function - useless DM I

Question 24

adverse sulfonylurea

Answer 24

hypoglycemia

Question 25

pioglitazone

Answer 25

glitazone/thiazolidinedione

Question 26

glitazone/thiazolidinedione MOA

Answer 26

increased insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue binds PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator

Question 27

rosiglutazone

Answer 27

glitazone/thiazolidinedione

Question 28

adverse glitazone/thiazolidinedione

Answer 28

weight gain edema hepatotoxic increased risk of fracture

Question 29

exenatide

Answer 29

GLP-1 analog

Question 30

liraglutide

Answer 30

GLP-1 analog

Question 31

GLP-1 analog MOA

Answer 31

insulin increase | decreased glucagon

Question 32

adverse GLP-1 analog

Answer 32

N/V | pancreatitis

Question 33

linagliptin

Answer 33

DPP-4 inhibitor

Question 34

saxagliptin

Answer 34

DPP-4 inhibitor

Question 35

sitagliptin

Answer 35

DPP-4 inhibitor

Question 36

DPP-4 inhibitor MOA

Answer 36

increase insulin | decreased glucagon

Question 37

adverse DPP-4 inhibitor

Answer 37

UTI | resp infection

Question 38

pramlintide

Answer 38

amylin analog

Question 39

MOA amylin analog

Answer 39

decreased gastricy emptying | decreased glucagon

Question 40

adverse pramlintide

Answer 40

hypoglycemia, nausea, diarrhea

Question 41

canagliflozin

Answer 41

SGLT-2 inhibitor

Question 42

MOA canagliflozin

Answer 42

block reabsorption glucose in PCT inhibitor of SGLT-2

Question 43

adverse canagliflozin

Answer 43

glucosuria, UTI, vaginal yeast infection

Question 44

acarbose

Answer 44

a-glucosidase inhibitor

Question 45

miglitol

Answer 45

a-glucosiase inhibitor

Question 46

a-glucosidase inhibitor MOA

Answer 46

inhibit intestinal brush border a-glucosidase -delayed carb hydrolysis and glucose absorption decreased postprandial hyperglycemia

Question 47

adverse a-glucosidase inhibitor

Answer 47

GI disturbances

Question 48

activation of PPAR-gamma

Answer 48

increase insulin sensitivity and levels of adiponectin