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Board Review - B - Systems Pharmacology > Endocrine I > Flashcards

Endocrine I Flashcards

1
Q

tx strategy DM I

A

low carb diet

insulin replacement

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2
Q

tx strategy DM II

A

diet modify, exercise

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3
Q

tx gestational DM

A

dietary mod, exercise, insulin replacement of lifestyle mod fails

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4
Q

aspart

A

fast acting insulin

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5
Q

glulisine

A

fast acting insulin

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6
Q

lispro

A

fast acting insulin

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7
Q

regular insulin

A

short acting

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8
Q

postprandial glucose control

A

rapid acting

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9
Q

NPH

A

intermediate acting insulin

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10
Q

detemir

A

long acting insulin

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11
Q

glargine

A

long acting insulin

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12
Q

metformin

A

biguanide

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13
Q

biguanide MOA

A

decreased gluconeogenesis
increased glycolysis
increased peripheral glucose uptake (insulin sens)

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14
Q

first like therapy DM II

A

metformin

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15
Q

adverse metformin

A

GI upset

lactic acidosis - CI in renal insufficiency

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16
Q

insulin receptor

A

tyrosine kinase activity

liver - increase glucose stored as glycogen
muscle - increased glycogen and protein synthesis
fat - increased TG storage

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17
Q

chlorpropamide

A

first gen sulfonylurea

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18
Q

tolbutamide

A

first gen sulfonylurea

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19
Q

glumepriride

A

second gen sulfonylurea

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20
Q

glipizide

A

second gen sulfonylurea

21
Q

glyburide

A

second gen sulfonylurea

22
Q

sulfonylurea MOA

A

close K channel in beta cell membrane - cell depolarize

-result in insulin release - increased Ca influx

23
Q

stimulate endogenous insulin in DM II

A

sulfonylurea

require islet function - useless DM I

24
Q

adverse sulfonylurea

A

hypoglycemia

25
Q

pioglitazone

A

glitazone/thiazolidinedione

26
Q

glitazone/thiazolidinedione MOA

A

increased insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue

binds PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator

27
Q

rosiglutazone

A

glitazone/thiazolidinedione

28
Q

adverse glitazone/thiazolidinedione

A

weight gain
edema
hepatotoxic
increased risk of fracture

29
Q

exenatide

A

GLP-1 analog

30
Q

liraglutide

A

GLP-1 analog

31
Q

GLP-1 analog MOA

A

insulin increase

decreased glucagon

32
Q

adverse GLP-1 analog

A

N/V

pancreatitis

33
Q

linagliptin

A

DPP-4 inhibitor

34
Q

saxagliptin

A

DPP-4 inhibitor

35
Q

sitagliptin

A

DPP-4 inhibitor

36
Q

DPP-4 inhibitor MOA

A

increase insulin

decreased glucagon

37
Q

adverse DPP-4 inhibitor

A

UTI

resp infection

38
Q

pramlintide

A

amylin analog

39
Q

MOA amylin analog

A

decreased gastricy emptying

decreased glucagon

40
Q

adverse pramlintide

A

hypoglycemia, nausea, diarrhea

41
Q

canagliflozin

A

SGLT-2 inhibitor

42
Q

MOA canagliflozin

A

block reabsorption glucose in PCT

inhibitor of SGLT-2

43
Q

adverse canagliflozin

A

glucosuria, UTI, vaginal yeast infection

44
Q

acarbose

A

a-glucosidase inhibitor

45
Q

miglitol

A

a-glucosiase inhibitor

46
Q

a-glucosidase inhibitor MOA

A

inhibit intestinal brush border a-glucosidase
-delayed carb hydrolysis and glucose absorption

decreased postprandial hyperglycemia

47
Q

adverse a-glucosidase inhibitor

A

GI disturbances

48
Q

activation of PPAR-gamma

A

increase insulin sensitivity and levels of adiponectin

Board Review - B - Systems Pharmacology (26 decks)

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