Antimicrobials V

Question 1

nystatin

Answer 1

bind ergosterol - form pores

Question 2

nystatin clinical use

Answer 2

topical only - too toxic for systemic

diaper rash or vaginal candidiasis

Question 3

oral candidiasis

Answer 3

swish and swallow nystatin

Question 4

flucytosine

Answer 4

inhibit DNA and RNA biosynthesis

-convert to 5-FU by cytosine deaminase

Question 5

adverse flucytosine

Answer 5

bone marrow suppression

Question 6

clinical use flucytosine

Answer 6

crypto meningitis

-in combo with amphotericin B

Question 7

clotrimazole

Answer 7

azole

Question 8

fluconazole

Answer 8

azole

Question 9

itraconazole

Answer 9

azole

Question 10

ketoconazole

Answer 10

azole

Question 11

miconazole

Answer 11

azole

Question 12

voriconazole

Answer 12

azole

Question 13

azole

Answer 13

inhibit fungal sterol (ergosterol) synthesis

inhibit P450 enzyme that converts lanosterol > ergosterol

Question 14

other tx for blastomyces

Answer 14

itraconazole

Question 15

other tx of coccidioides

Answer 15

itraconazole

Question 16

other tx of histoplasma

Answer 16

itraconazole

Question 17

chronic suppression of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients

Answer 17

fluconazole

Question 18

topical fungal infection tx

Answer 18

clotrimazole

miconazole

Question 19

adverse azole

Answer 19

testosterone synthesis inhibition - gynecomastia

liver dysfxn - inhibit P450

Question 20

terbinafine

Answer 20

inhibit fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase

stop conversion squalene > squalene epoxide
-precursor in synthesis of ergosterol

Question 21

tx of onychomycosis

Answer 21

fungal infection under finger/toe nails

terbinafine

Question 22

adverse terbinafine

Answer 22

GI upset
HA
hepatotoxic
taste disturbance

Question 23

anidulafungin

Answer 23

echinocandin

Question 24

caspofugin

Answer 24

echinocandin

Question 25

micafungin

Answer 25

echinocandin

Question 26

echinocandin

Answer 26

inhibit cell wal lsynthesisi - inhibit synthesis of beta-glucan

Question 27

ergosterol

Answer 27

in cell MEMBRANE amphotericin B and nystatin poke hole

Question 28

cell wall of fungi

Answer 28

inhibited by echinocandin -caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin

Question 29

griseofulvin

Answer 29

interfere microtubule fxn -disrupt mitosis deposit in keratin containing tissues

Question 30

ora tx for dermatophytes

Answer 30

griseofulvin tinea, ringworm, etc.

Question 31

tx toxoplasmosis

Answer 31

pyrimethamine

Question 32

tx trypanosoma brucei

Answer 32

suramin | melarsoprol

Question 33

tx t. cruzi

Answer 33

nifurtimox

Question 34

tx leishmaniasis

Answer 34

sodium stibogluconate

Question 35

permethrin

Answer 35

block Na channel - neurotoxic

Question 36

malathion

Answer 36

acetylcholinesterae inhibitor

Question 37

lindane

Answer 37

inhibit GABA - neurotoxic

Question 38

tx for scabies

Answer 38

permerthrin malathion lindane

Question 39

lice

Answer 39

pediculus pthirus tx - permethrin, malathion, lindane

Question 40

chloroquine

Answer 40

block detoxification of heme into hemozoin | -heme accumulate - toxic to plasmodia

Question 41

tx of plasmodium infections

Answer 41

chloroquine

Question 42

adverse chloroquine

Answer 42

retinopathy | pruritis - dark skinned individuals

Question 43

plasmodium falciprum

Answer 43

high resistance | -so tx with chloroquine doesn't work

Question 44

resistance to chloroquine

Answer 44

membrane pump - decrease intracellular concentration of drug

Question 45

tx of p. falciprum

Answer 45

artemether/lumefantrine | atovaquone/proguanil

Question 46

tx life-threatening malaria

Answer 46

quinidine or artesunate

Question 47

mebendazole

Answer 47

anti-helminth tx

Question 48

pyrantel pamoate

Answer 48

anti-helminth tx

Question 49

ivermectin

Answer 49

anti-helminth tx

Question 50

diethylcarbamazine

Answer 50

anti-helminth tx

Question 51

praziquantel

Answer 51

anti-helminth tx