Monoclonal Antibodies (P1)

Question 1

Antibodies

Answer 1

Bind to antigens on pathogens
Made by B-lymphocytes
Either damage pathogens or stick them together

Question 2

How do they work

Answer 2

Immunise a mouse by injecting it to produce the B-lymphocytes for the disease
Remove the B-lymphocytes from the mouse
Fuse them with tumour cells to make hybridoma cells
Leave the cells to reproduce and form many cells

Question 3

Advantages

Answer 3

Can cure a disease
Bind to cancer cells
Can bind to many antigens as there are so many

Question 4

Disadvantages

Answer 4

Time consuming
Expensive
Only bind to one antigen

Question 5

What are they

Answer 5

Identical copies of an antibody reproduced for one antigen

Question 6

Hybridoma

Answer 6

A cell used for the large scale production of antigens

Question 7

Uses of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 7

Pregnancy test (HCG hormones in urine)
Diseases such as herpes and chlamydia
Carry drugs directly to tumours
Detect HIV

Question 8

How do they stop cancer cells?

Answer 8

Antibodies attach to antigens, releasing hormones to slow the growth
It attaches to the antigen and signals to white blood cells to destroy the cancer cell
Chemical or radioactive substances attached to the antibody destroy it