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Biology > Ecology Pt1 > Flashcards

Ecology Pt1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of adaptations

A

Structural: the physical appearance of the animal
Behavioural: something the animal chooses to do
Functional: bodily processes

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2
Q

Why are animals from hot climates smaller and cold climates bigger?

A

The small animals have a higher surface area/volume ratio so it will lose heat quicker and vice versa

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3
Q

Biotic vs abiotic factors

A

Biotic is living factors and abiotic is non-living

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4
Q

Light intensity

A

Decreasing it will decrease the rate of photosynthesis, killing plants and a food source for others
Abiotic

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5
Q

Temperature

A

An increase in temperature will leave less stomata to less water, leaving the plants less able to survive and stopping animals from eating it
Abiotic

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6
Q

Moisture levels

A

Decreasing leaves the plants with less water, which leaves them unable to survive and taking a layer off the ecosystem
Abiotic

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7
Q

Soil PH and Mineral Content

A

Less mineral content will stop the plants from being able to get the minerals they need to survive, killing them and taking a layer off the ecosystem
Abiotic

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8
Q

Wind intensity and direction

A

A huge increase would see too much water blown off the leaves, decreasing a plant’s water levels, direction to plant gives it too much water and away would decrease pollen levels
Abiotic

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9
Q

Availability of oxygen

A

A decrease on oxygen will see a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis and decrease the CO2 and water production, possibly killing the plant
Abiotic

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10
Q

Availability of CO2

A

A decrease in CO2 levels will stop a plant from photosynthesising and will kill it if the fall is great enough
Abiotic

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11
Q

Availability of food

A

It means that animals aren’t able to replace the lost oxygen

Biotic

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12
Q

New pathogens or parasites

A

It would mean that a species wouldn’t have the required antibiotics to stop it so could cause a pandemic
Biotic

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13
Q

New predators

A

A species wouldn’t have evolved to stop a new predator so it may be able to leave a species extinct before it could evolve
Biotic

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14
Q

Interspecific competition

A

They may leave a species extinct or with not enough surviving to continue the food chain
Biotic

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15
Q

Abundance

A

A large number of something

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16
Q

Distribution

A

The spread/sharing of something in an area

17
Q

Alternatives to intensive farming

A

Stem cell usage

18
Q

Intensive farming advantages

A 
Cheaper
More efficient
Quicker than free range 
Less land
Less resources
Easier, all in one place
19
Q

Intensive farming disadvantages

A 
Lower quality of live for the animals
The animals can’t live their life
Increased antibiotic resistance
Increased spread of disease
Deformities 
Chickens may attack each other
Lack of muscle (taste)
Chickens stand in own waste
20
Q

Water cycle

A

The water gains energy when evaporating from the ocean and condenses to form clouds which will eventually see the water to precipitate back into the ocean, whether in run off or being absorbed into the ground

21
Q

What happens when the temperature increases (water cycle)

A

Evaporation and condensation would happen far easier but there would be less precipitation, which could cause drought and a lack of transpiration

22
Q

Carbon cycling

A

Release of carbon from living organisms

23
Q

Detritivores

A

Organisms which break larger dead organic matter into smaller pieces
Physically increasing surface area

24
Q

Decomposers

A

Microorganisms which use secreted enzymes go break down organisms releasing
CO2 to atmosphere
Mineral ions into the soil

25
Q

Carbon cycle

A

Leaves atmosphere for plants through photosynthesis
Goes to two animals through feeding
All 3 respire to sen it back or are broken down to waste and dead remains
These form fossil fuels or become decomposing microorganisms
The fossil fuels combine and microorganisms respire

26
Q

Rate of decay is affected by…

A

Temperature, oxygen concentration, moisture

27
Q

What do arrows on a food chain show

A

Transfer of biomass and energy

28
Q

Biomass

A

Producer uses 1% of energy from the sun for photosynthesis
Stored within a chemical store (biomass)
Passed up the food chain to each trophies level
90% wasted at each level, 10% passed on

29
Q

Pyramid of biomass

A

Steadily decreasing on both sides of stacked horizontal bar graph at equal rates
1st trophic level up to 5

30
Q

What do plants compete for?

A

Light
Space
Water
Mineral ions

31
Q

What do animals compete for?

A

Space
Food
Water
Mates

32
Q

Ecosystem

A

The interaction of a community of living organisms (biotic) with the non-living (abiotic) parts of the environment

33
Q

Community

A

The populations of different species living in a habitat

Biology (54 decks)

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