Ecology Pt2

Question 1

Global warming steps (1-3)

Answer 1

1. The sun emits rays of light toward the earth with UV radiation reaching the earth
2. The earth absorbs the light rays and then emits it back to the atmosphere
3. It is emitted back into space as infrared radiation and is absorbed by CO2, a greenhouse gas, along with methane and water vapour

Question 2

Global warming steps (4-5)

Answer 2

4. The atmosphere is emitting radiation in every direction, most of it goes into space but some comes back to earth
5. Heat is trapped within the atmosphere

Question 3

Where does the issue come from

Answer 3

From humans burning fossil fuels, because before there was a cycle where as much CO2 entered the atmosphere as left it but now there is a net intake

Question 4

Human population explosion

Answer 4

Improved medical care, higher food and water supply
Land has had to have been removed for other ecosystems for our raw materials
Less developed countries have had to resort to fossil fuels as a result of the explosion

Question 5

Land pollution

Answer 5

Households see an increased human productivity and unwanted products
Industry sees dyes from fabric run off to soil and waste rock from extracting metals
Pesticides kill animals
Bioaccumulation is the gradual accumulation of substances such as pesticides in a food chain
Use less pesticides, be more considerate of throwing away, more recycling

Question 6

Water pollution

Answer 6

Households- use of plastic
Farming- fertilises minerals
Eutrophication- the process of bodies of water becoming uninhabitable to many organisms
Can be monitored by analysing water samples or indicator species that only live in certain PH

Question 7

Water pollution solutions

Answer 7

Green agriculture
Energy efficient food
Storm water management

Question 8

Land pollution solutions

Answer 8

Use less pesticides, be more considerate of throwing away, more recycling

Question 9

Air pollution

Answer 9

Acid rain is formed when fossil fuels are burned, they react with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide gas
Kill leaves, birds, flowers
Destroys roots
Destroys ecosystems
Causes acidification of water
Aerosols and burning fossil fuels cause acid rain, smog, respiratory issues

Question 10

Air pollution solutions

Answer 10

Use cleaner sulphur fluids
Clean gases in power station chimneys
Use electric or hybrid vehicles

Question 11

Deforestation

Answer 11

Large scale deforestation is happening for palm oil farming and lumber industry
It leads to increased CO2 because chopped down trees can’t photosynthesise and absorb CO2
Removes habitats and food for animals so affects biodiversity
Recycle more

Question 12

Peat bog destruction

Answer 12

Peat bogs are formed when materials don’t fully decompose
Peat is used for cooking and domestic heating
Increases CO2 in air as it takes a long time to burn
We need it for food but has an effect on biodiversity

Question 13

Migratory birds

Answer 13

Affected by temperature and water temperature
They have shifted their migratory grounds north because of an increase in water temperature.
Will soon run out of habitats so we need to make sure they have places to go

Question 14

Moths

Answer 14

Affected by artificial light, pesticides
Humans are using too much artificial light, which confuses the nocturnal pollinators and stops them from pollinating plants in the night, leading to a decrease in food production
Scientists have tried to increase the fruit productivity of the plants

Question 15

Malnutrition

Answer 15

A term used to refer to any condition in which the body does not receive the correct amount of nutrients for proper function

Question 16

Food security

Answer 16

All people at all times have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life

Question 17

Food security affected by

Answer 17

Availability
Accessibility : affordable and fair
Utilisation: if the body is able to use the food effectively
Stability: if the food source is stable over time

Question 18

Increasing population/availability

Answer 18

Having more people restricts the amount of food that each person is able to have
Could restrict the population growth

Question 19

Accessibility/ change in diet

Answer 19

Less healthy and nutritious food is cheaper than the nutritious food, meaning that more people are able to afford it
Could increase prices for less nutritious foods

Question 20

Utilisation/disease

Answer 20

Food can cause disease, particularly if you often have the same food, you have a lot of a nutrient
A solution could be to offer more varied food sources to less privileged people

Question 21

Weather

Answer 21

If a food source stops, being able to produce them food, it will stop a major food source
We could stockpile foods as a precaution

Question 22

Rising prices

Answer 22

Inflation in an increase in food prices will stop people from being able to gain access to food
We could make a minimum wage in every country

Question 23

War

Answer 23

If a country stops allowing people to have a certain source of food, it may restrict people’s ability to have a certain nutrient
We could stockpile food in case of war

Question 24

Sustainable food production

Answer 24

The production of food in a way that means that we will not run out of food in the future, no long term negative effects

Question 25

Sustainable Fishing methods

Answer 25

Fishing bans/protected areas
Fishing quotas
Reduce net size
Controlled permits
Conservation tax
Increased mesh size

Question 26

Mycoprotein

Answer 26

Sustainable food sources which are grown in a lab as the fungus Fusarium grows rapidly

Question 27

Golden rice

Answer 27

A variety of rice genetically engineered to certain high concentrations of beta carotene, a vitamin A precursor. Intended for areas with Vitamin A shortages

Question 28

Fusarium

Answer 28

A fungus used to produce mycoprotein such as Quorn

Question 29

Fusarium pt2

Answer 29

In optimum conditions it can double its mass every 5 hours. Biomass can be harvested and purified then dried and processed to make mycoprotein. Can be shaped and flavoured in many ways

Question 30

How is it made

Answer 30

Motor at the top of a water-cooled packet
A pole to measure temperature
Oxygen enters the bottom right for oxygen and an outlet for harvesting is at the bottom
Cold water enters the bottom left and warm water exits the top right

Question 31

Overfishing solutions

Answer 31

Fishing quotas/ licences
Bigger mesh size
Smaller nets

Question 32

Bacteria to make insulin

Answer 32

Plasmid removed from bacterium
Insulin cut out of human chromosomes with a restriction enzyme
Same enzyme opens plasmid
Mixed together
Ligase joins them to make recombinant dna
Inserted into a bacterium
Grown in a vat under controlled conditions. Can be harvested and purified to treat diabetes