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Psychology > module 3 b34 > Flashcards

module 3 b34 Flashcards

1
Q

Behavioural, biochemical, and physiological responses that ensure body temperature (TB) is within an acceptable limit

A

thermal strategy

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2
Q

Temperature of the animal’s surroundings

A

Ambient temperature: TA

Most important environmental influence on animal’s thermal strategy

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3
Q

Body temperature is allowed to vary with ambient temperature

A

tolerance

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4
Q

Body temperature does not vary with ambient temperature

A

regulation (us humans exhibit this)

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5
Q

what are the two thermal strategies

A

regulation and tolerance

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6
Q

physical contact between something that is warm and something that is cold

A

conduction

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7
Q

movement of fluid around us

A

convection

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8
Q

transfer of thermal energy between an object and an external medium that is moving

A

Convection

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9
Q

emission of electromagnetic radiation

A

Radiation

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10
Q

rate of heat transfer (from hotter to colder)

A

heat flux (Q)

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11
Q

what is the units for heat flux (rate of heat flow)

A

Watts

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12
Q

Layer of material that reduces thermal exchange

A

insulation

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13
Q

Internal insulation (under the skin)

A

blubber

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14
Q

external insulation

A

hair, feathers, air, water

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15
Q

Large animals exchange heat more (SLOWLY OR FASTLY) than small animals

A

SLOWLY

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16
Q

Animals living in cold environments tend to be larger

A

Bergmann’s Rule:

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17
Q

Animals in colder climates have smaller extremities (outer parts)

A

allen’s rule

  • not necessarily true
  • animals living in smaller extremities still have big ears for example
18
Q

variable body temperature

A

poikilotherm

19
Q

stable body temperature

A

homeotherm

20
Q

produce heat internally, animal generates internal heat to maintain body temperature

A

endotherm

21
Q

heat comes from external sources, environment determines body temperature

A

ectotherms

22
Q

hypermetabolic phase accompanied by a decrease in body temperature
- ex hiberation, torpot

A

Temporal endothermy

23
Q

optimal range for physiological processes; metabolic rate is minimal

A

Thermoneutral zone

24
Q

Metabolic rate increases to increase heat production

A

lower critical temp (LCT)

25
Q

Metabolic rate increases as animal induces a physiological response to prevent overheating

A

upper critical temperature (UCT)

26
Q

maximum range of temperatures in which individuals can survive

A

Survival zone

27
Q

Refers to the range of environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, salinity) in which an organism can survive.

A

tolerance zone

28
Q

Prescriptive Zone:
Refers to the specific range of environmental conditions that are actively selected by organisms when they have the ability to move or choose.
It reflects the preferred or ideal conditions for an organism’s survival and functioning.

A

Prescriptive Zone:

29
Q

Ambient temperature at which 50% of animals die

A

incipient lethal temperature

30
Q

can tolerate a wide range of ambient temperatures

A

Eurytherm

  • us humans
31
Q

can tolerate only a narrow range of ambient temperatures

A

Sternotherm

32
Q

Body temperature varies in regions of the body

A

regional heterotherms

33
Q

Maintain membrane fluidity at different temperature by changing membrane lipids. cholesterol content

A

homeoviscous adaptation

remodeling of the membrane

34
Q

animals that thrive at low temperatures

A

Psychrotrophs

35
Q

behavioural and physiological mechanism to prevent ice crystal formation

A

Freeze-avoidance

36
Q

animals can allow their tissues to freeze in a controlled, safer way

A

Freeze-tolerance

37
Q

Proteins or glycoproteins that depress the freezing point by non colligative actions
Disrupt ice crystal formation by binding to small ice crystal and prevent growth

A

anti freeze molecules

38
Q

the internal thermostat in mammals is located where

A

hypothalamus

39
Q

the internal thermostat in birds is located where

A

spinal cord

40
Q

Shivering thermogenesis is unique to

A

birds and mammals only

41
Q

uncoordinated myofiber contraction that results in no coordinated net muscle work

A

Shivering thermogenesis:

42
Q

is a physiological state of decreased metabolic activity in animals, characterized by reduced body temperature, heart rate, respiration, and energy expenditure. It is a survival strategy that allows animals to conserve energy during periods of extreme environmental conditions, such as cold temperatures or food scarcity.

A

torpor

Psychology (35 decks)

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