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anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

bones of the head, trunk, vertebral column, and thorax

A

axial skeleton

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2
Q

bones of the upper limbs and lower limbs including the shoulder and pelvic girdles

A

appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

a strong connective tissue containing specialized cells and a mineralized matrix of crystalline calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

A

osseous tissue/bone tissue

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4
Q

bone cells responsible for the maintenance and turnover of the mineral content of the surrounding bone

A

Osteocytes

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5
Q

what is bone production called

A

osteogenesis

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6
Q

the breakdown of the mineral matrix of bone

A

Osteolysis

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7
Q

what is another name for the pectoral girdle

A

shoulder girdle

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8
Q

what does the pectoral girdle consist of

A

one each side:
1 clavicle
1 scapula

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9
Q

what does the upper limb consist of

A

on each side:
1 humerus
1 ulna
1 radius
8 carpal
5 metacarpal
14 phalanges

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10
Q

what is the name of the triangular bone lying on the posterior surface of the thorax

A

scapula

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11
Q

what does the clavicle do?

A

connects the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton + transfers some of the weight from the upper limb to the axial skeleton

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12
Q

what is another name for the collarbone

A

the clavicle

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13
Q

what is another name for the scapula?

A

the shoulder blade

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14
Q

lower limb articulates with the axial skeleton through what

A

the pelvic girdle

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15
Q

acromial end of clavicle articulates with the

A

acromion of the scapula

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16
Q

another name for the thumb is

A

pollex

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17
Q

the hip bone is made of which three bones?

A
  1. ilium
  2. ischium
  3. pubis
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18
Q

immovable joints are called

A

synarthrosis

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19
Q

slightly movable joints are called

A

amphiarthrosis

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20
Q

freely movable joints are called

A

diarthrosis

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21
Q

joints found only in the skull

A

sutures

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22
Q

fibrous joint between teeth and jaw bones

A

gomphosis

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23
Q

moving away from the body

A

abduction

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24
Q

moving toward the body

A

adduction

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25
Q

decreases the angle between the bones at a joint

A

flexion

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26
Q

increases the angle between the bones at a joint

A

extension

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27
Q

extending beyond the normal limits

A

hyperextension

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28
Q

study of structures and features that can be seen with the naked eye

A

gross anatomy

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29
Q

microscopic study of tissues

A

histology

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30
Q

what is the front facing position, you can see the persons face

A

anterior view

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31
Q

what is the back facing position, you can see the persons bum

A

posterior view

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32
Q

what is the position in which the person is laying face down

A

prone

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33
Q

what is the position in which the person is laying face up, they are laying on their back

A

supine

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34
Q

away from the midline

A

lateral

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35
Q

toward the midline

A

medial

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36
Q

toward a base

A

proximal

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37
Q

away from the base

A

distal

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38
Q

at or close to body surface

A

superficial

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39
Q

further from surface, toward interior

A

deep

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40
Q

toward the head

A

cranial (cephalic)

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41
Q

toward the tail

A

caudal

42
Q

the back, behind

A

posterior (dorsal for animals)

43
Q

the front, before

A

anterior (ventral for animals)

44
Q

which plane/section separates anterior and posterior portions of the body

A

frontal or coronal plane (coronal-passing through the skull)

45
Q

which plane/section separates right and left positions

A

sagittal plane

46
Q

a ________ section passes through the midline, dividing the body in half and separating right and left sides

A

midsagittal

47
Q

a __________ section misses the midline, separating right and left portions of unequal size

A

parasagittal

48
Q

what section is at right angles to the frontal and sagittal planes, sections typically pass through head and trunk regions

A

transverse, horizontal, or cross-sectional plane

49
Q

what are the two body cavities

A

thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

50
Q

name the parts of the thoracic cavity

A
  1. left pleural cavity: surrounds left lung
  2. right pleural cavity: surrounds right lung
  3. mediastinum: contains the trachea, esophagus, and major vessels + pericardial cavity: surrounds heart
51
Q

name the parts of the abdominopelvic cavity

A
  1. abdominal cavity: contains many digestive glands and organs
  2. pelvic cavity: contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last portion of digestive tract
52
Q

name the parts of the right upper and right lower quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

RUQ:
- right lobe of liver
- right kidney
- gallbladder
- portions of stomach
- small and large intestine

RLQ:
- cecum
- appendix
- portions of small intestine
- reproductive organs
- right ureter

53
Q

name the parts of the left upper and left lower quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

LUQ:
- left kidney
- left lobe of liver
- stomach
- spleen
- pancreas
- portions of large intestine

LLQ:
- most of small intestine
- portions of large intestine
- left ureter
- reproductive organs

54
Q

lumbar regions means

A

lower back

55
Q

cephalic region means

A

head

56
Q

cervical region means

A

neck

57
Q

brachial region means

A

upper arm, above elbow

58
Q

antebrachial means

A

forearm, below elbow

59
Q

carpal region indicates

A

wrist

60
Q

manual region indicates

A

hand

61
Q

plantar region indicates

A

sole region of foot, bottom of foot

62
Q

pedal region indicates

A

foot

63
Q

tarsal region indicates

A

ankle

64
Q

sural region indicates

A

calf

65
Q

crural region indicates

A

leg, from knee to ankle

66
Q

patellar region indicates

A

kneecap

67
Q

gluteal region indicates

A

buttock

68
Q

inguinal region indicates

A

groin (crease between thigh and trunk)

69
Q

pelvic region indicates

A

pelvis (in general)

70
Q

pubic region indicates

A

anterior pelvis

71
Q

what are the 4 kinds of tissues

A
  1. epithelial tissue
  2. connective tissue
  3. muscle tissue
  4. nervous tissue
72
Q

what kind of tissue: conducts electrical impulses and carries information

A

nervous tissue

73
Q

what kind of tissue contracts to produce movement

A

muscle tissue

74
Q

what kind of tissue fills internal space, provides structural support and stores energy

A

connective tissue

75
Q

what kind of tissue covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways and chambers and produces glandular secretions

A

epithelial tissue

76
Q

in epithelial tissue/cells they are an exposed ______ surface and an attached _______ surface

A

apical, basal

77
Q

_______ cells are bound close together, no intercellular space

A

epithelial

78
Q

what is the difference between simple and stratified epithelial tissue

A

simple: only one layer
stratified: many layers on top of other layers

79
Q

what is the defining characteristic of connective tissue

A

most cells are not in contact with each other

80
Q

connective tissue examples

A

blood, lymph, bone, cartilage

81
Q

what are the three types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle

82
Q

what is the defining characteristic of muscle tissue

A

ability to contract and relax

83
Q

the cytoplasm of muscle cells is called what

A

sarcoplasm

84
Q

cells that are long, cylindrical, striated, and multinucleated

A

skeletal muscle tissue (bigger than cardiac muscle)

85
Q

cells are short, branched, and striated, usually with a single nucleus; cells are interconnected by intercalated discs

A

cardiac muscle tissue

86
Q

short, small, spindle-shaped, with a central nucleus, they do not branch, and there are no striations

A

smooth muscle tissue

87
Q

what is the integumentary system

A

the body’s outer layer, skin, hair, nails

88
Q

what is another name for the skin

A

cutaneous membrane

89
Q

the dermis is under or over the epidermine

A

under

90
Q

a dense layer of collagen fibers that surrounds a skeletal muscle, and is continuous with the tendons/aponeruoses of the muscle and with the perimysium

A

epimysium

91
Q

connective tissue partition that separates adjacent fasciculi in a skeletal muscle

A

perimysium

92
Q

a delicate network of connective tissue fibers that surrounds individual muscle cells

A

endomysium

93
Q

cells that are the precursors to skeletal muscle cells (fibers)

A

myosatellite cells

94
Q

a collagenous band that connects a skeletal muscle to an element of the skeleton (MUSCLE TO BONE)

A

tendon

95
Q

what connects bone to bone

A

ligaments

96
Q

broad tendinous sheet(s) that may serve as the origin(s) or insertion(s) of a skeletal muscle

A

aponeurosis/aponeuroses

97
Q

a synapse between a neuron and a muscle cell

A

NMJ neuromuscular junction

98
Q

the plasma membrane of a muscle cell

A

sarcolemma

99
Q

the cytoplasm of a muscle cell

A

sarcoplasm

100
Q

early muscle cells that differentiate into muscle fibers

A

myoblasts

101
Q
A

Psychology (25 decks)

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