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Psychology > module 2 b34 > Flashcards

module 2 b34 Flashcards

1
Q

is the scaling of metabolic rate linear or non linear

A

non linear

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2
Q

the capacity to do work

A

energy (units in Joule)

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3
Q

the transfer of energy by a force acting on an object as it is displaced

A

work (units in Joule)

work = force x distance

mechanical work (using our muscles when our heart beats)

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4
Q

the rate at which work is done

A

power

unit: Watt

W=J/s

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5
Q

the set of processes by which cells and organisms acquire, rearrange and void commodities (ex. Elements or energy) in ways that sustain life

A

metabolism

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6
Q

an animal’s rate of energy consumption; the rate at which it converts chemical-bond energy to heat and work

A measure of power

A

metabolic rate

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7
Q

what are the two ways in which cells store energy

A

reducing energy and high energy bonds

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8
Q

energy can be stored in what kind of bonds

A

covalent

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9
Q

what is the most common high energy molecule

A

ATP

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10
Q

what are some characteristics of carbohydrates

A
  • hydrates of carbon
  • many hydroxyl (-OH) groups
  • Important as a biosynthesis precursor to any other carbohydrates
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11
Q

what is the main carbohydrate storage form in animals

A

glycogen

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12
Q

glycogen synthesis

A

glycogenesis

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13
Q

glycogen breakdown

A

glycogenolysis

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14
Q

does glycolysis require oxygen

A

no

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15
Q

There are steps in glycolysis where energy is inputted, which is referred to as

A

energonic

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16
Q

all lipids are

A

hydrophic (meaning they do not dissolve in water)

17
Q

lipids with LINEAR carbon backbones are called

A

aliphatic

ex. fatty acids

triglycerides

phospholipids

18
Q

lipids with RING carbon backbones are called

A

aromatic

ex. steroids

19
Q

what are lipids used for

A

energy metabolism, cell structure (cell membranes) and signaling

20
Q

Chain of carbon atoms ending with a carboxyl group

A

fatty acids

21
Q

saturated or unsaturated:

fatty acids with no double bonds between carbons

A

saturated

22
Q

saturated or unsaturated:

one or more double bonds between carbons

A

unsaturated

23
Q

what is a more dense form of energy storage than carbohydrates and why

A

fatty acids

water associates with carbs and not with oils/fats because hydrophobic nature or fatty acids

24
Q

process in which we breakdown fatty acids

A

beta oxidation

  • happens in mitochondria
  • results in formation of acetyl coA
  • acetyl coA is then oxidized (in the citric acid cycle)
25
Q

Caused by low oxygen levels in the blood

A

hypoxia

26
Q

refers to a total absence of oxygen in the tissues

A

anoxia

27
Q

Increasing lipolysis ________ glycolysis and vice versa

A

decreases

28
Q

measuring metabolic rate actually measures what

A

metabolic rate

29
Q

= rate of CO2 production/O2 consumption

A

Respiratory quotient (RQ)

30
Q

when is there a high ATP turnover rate

A

exercise

31
Q

when is there a low ATP turnover rate

A

rest

32
Q

used in glucogenesis in liver (glucose returned to tissues to rebuild glucose)

A

cori cycle for lactate

The Cori cycle is a metabolic pathway that links the muscles and the liver in a process to recycle lactate and glucose during intense exercise or anaerobic metabolism. It allows the body to manage lactate accumulation and maintain energy supply when oxygen levels are insufficient for aerobic respiration.

33
Q

metabolic rate of homeothermic animal at rest (not sleeping), post-absorptive (not digesting food), at a temperature within thermal neutral zone

A

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

34
Q

same as BMR, expect for poikilothermic animal, at a defined environmental temperature

A

standard metabolic rate (SMR)

35
Q

metabolic rate of animal at rest under defined conditions

Not necessarily during quiescent phase (doing nothing), or totally post absorptive, or within thermal neutral zone

A

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
- Higher than BMR

36
Q

the actual, realized metabolic rate of an animal behaving naturally in the wild

A

field metabolic rate

37
Q

Total energetic cost of a day of life

A

daily energy expenditure

Psychology (35 decks)

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