just the important dudes for evolution Flashcards
who said that “every organism is an example of a perfect essence, or type created by God”
Plato: typological thinking
types were unchanging
typological because of different TYPES, discrete/independent from one another
typological thinking + scale of nature
aritsotle
ordered organisms into linear great chain of being (or scale of nature)
aristole
species were fixed types
species organized into sequence based on increasing size and complexity (ex top humans, bottom minerals)
invented a system to classify biological entities into groups based on similarities
Carlos Linneaus
describe the groups in Linneaus’ classification system in order
- species
- genus
- family
- order
- class
- phylum
- kingdom
- domain
thought Earth was 70 000 years old not 6000 years old
Georges Buffon
realization that there are different types of organisms in different environments
Georges Buffon
who first discovered fossils
Georges Cuvier
extinct species resemble current ones but not exactly the same
Georges Cuvier
found so many fossils, extinction challenged “Great Chain of Being”
Mary Anning
small changes accumulate over time also thought that Earth must be very old
James Hutton
discovered that different layers contain distinct fossils
William Smith
created first geological map
William Smith
basically the rock guy, organized earths surface features into strata
answers for extinction are found in rocks below
William Smith
change through time + scale of nature
Lamark
life driven from simple to comlpex
Lamark
species acquire traits through time ex giraffes neck
Lamark
was responsible for uniformism: same observable natural processes today were also responsible for events in the past
Charles Lyell
worked with Darwin on evolution by Natural selection
Alfred Russel Wallace
population thinking rather than typological thinking
Alfred Russel Wallace
change through time + common ancestry
and change does not follow linear progression
Alfred Russel Wallace
populations double every 25 years
Thomas Mathalus
