just the important dudes for evolution

Question 1

who said that “every organism is an example of a perfect essence, or type created by God”

Answer 1

Plato: typological thinking

types were unchanging

typological because of different TYPES, discrete/independent from one another

Question 2

typological thinking + scale of nature

Answer 2

aritsotle

Question 3

ordered organisms into linear great chain of being (or scale of nature)

Answer 3

aristole

species were fixed types

species organized into sequence based on increasing size and complexity (ex top humans, bottom minerals)

Question 4

invented a system to classify biological entities into groups based on similarities

Answer 4

Carlos Linneaus

Question 5

describe the groups in Linneaus’ classification system in order

Answer 5

1. species
2. genus
3. family
4. order
5. class
6. phylum
7. kingdom
8. domain

Question 6

thought Earth was 70 000 years old not 6000 years old

Answer 6

Georges Buffon

Question 7

realization that there are different types of organisms in different environments

Answer 7

Georges Buffon

Question 8

who first discovered fossils

Answer 8

Georges Cuvier

Question 9

extinct species resemble current ones but not exactly the same

Answer 9

Georges Cuvier

Question 10

found so many fossils, extinction challenged “Great Chain of Being”

Answer 10

Mary Anning

Question 11

small changes accumulate over time also thought that Earth must be very old

Answer 11

James Hutton

Question 12

discovered that different layers contain distinct fossils

Answer 12

William Smith

Question 13

created first geological map

Answer 13

William Smith

Question 14

basically the rock guy, organized earths surface features into strata

answers for extinction are found in rocks below

Answer 14

William Smith

Question 15

change through time + scale of nature

Answer 15

Lamark

Question 16

life driven from simple to comlpex

Answer 16

Lamark

Question 17

species acquire traits through time ex giraffes neck

Answer 17

Lamark

Question 18

was responsible for uniformism: same observable natural processes today were also responsible for events in the past

Answer 18

Charles Lyell

Question 19

worked with Darwin on evolution by Natural selection

Answer 19

Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 20

population thinking rather than typological thinking

Answer 20

Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 21

change through time + common ancestry

and change does not follow linear progression

Answer 21

Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 22

populations double every 25 years

Answer 22

Thomas Mathalus