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lilley ch 53 vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Organic molecules needed in small quantities for
normal metabolism and other biochemical
functions, such as growth or repair of tissue

A

vitamins

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2
Q

what category of vitamins cannot be stored in large quantities in the body

A

water-soluble

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3
Q

what groups of vitamins are water-soluble (2)

A

B

C

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4
Q

what groups of vitamins are fat-soluble (4)

A

A
D
E
K

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5
Q

where are fat-soluble vitamins stored

A

liver and fatty tissues

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6
Q

food sources vitamin A (3)

A
  • green, yellow, orange vegetables and fruits
  • liver, fish
  • dairy products
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7
Q

functions of vitamin A (4)

A
  • growth and development bones and teeth
  • night and normal vision
  • reproduction
  • cholesterol and steroid synthesis
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8
Q

who should take vitamin a supplement (5)

A 
infants
pregnant and nursing women
hyperkeratosis of skin
night blindness
severe acne
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9
Q

medicine containing vitamin a given for severe acne

A

isotretinoin

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10
Q

S+S toxicity vitamin a (3)

A
  • infants: increased intracranial pressure
  • generalized peeling of skin
  • irritability, vomiting
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11
Q

sources vitamin D (4)

A
  • fish
  • milk, orange juice
  • dairy products
  • sun
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12
Q

where is vitamin d biotransformed by parathyroid hormone

A

liver

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13
Q

where is vitamin d converted to most active form

A

kidney

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14
Q

functions vitamin d (2)

A
  • calcification of bones and teeth

- absorption/use of calcium and phosphorus

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15
Q

conditions due to long-term deficiency vitamin d (3)

A

osteomalacia
rickets
tetany

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16
Q

S+S toxicity vitamin d (4)

A
  • hypertension, fatigue
  • anorexia
  • bone pain, osteoporosis
  • impairment renal function
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17
Q

3 forms vitamin d supplements

A

 Calcifediol (Calderol)
 Calcitriol (Rocaltrol)
 Ergocalciferol (Drisdol)

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18
Q

4 forms vitamin e

A

alpha
beta
gamma
delta tocopherol

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19
Q

food sources vitamin e (3)

A
  • grains, fortified cereals
  • meats, chicken, fish
  • nuts
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20
Q

who was highest risk deficiency vitamin e

A

premature infants

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21
Q

2 adverse effects vitamin e

A

GI tract

CNS

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22
Q

3 types vitamin k

A

phytonadione (K1)
menaquinone (K2)
menadione (K3)

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23
Q

where is vitamin k2 synthesized in body

A

intestinal flora

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24
Q

functions vitamin k (3)

A
  • blood coagulation factors in liver
  • given prophylactically to newborn infants
  • reverses effects warfarin
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25
sources vitamin k (3)
- green leafy veggies - soybean oils - cheese
26
food sources vitamin b1 (thiamine) (4)
- enriched whole grain breads and cereals - liver - beans - yeast
27
2 deficiencies vitamin b1
beriberi | wernickes encephalopathy
28
causes vitamin b1 deficiencies (5)
- extended fever - hyperthyroidism - liver disease - alcoholism - pregnancy and breastfeeding
29
functions vitamin b1 (2)
- carbohydrate metabolism | - krebs cycle
30
sources vitamin b2 (riboflavin) (5)
- green leafy veggies - eggs, dairy products - nuts, legumes - meats, liver - yeast, enriched whole grains
31
major cause vitamin b2 deficiency
alcoholism
32
biggest function vitamin b2
-normal respiratory function
33
S+S deficiency vitamin b2 (3)
- cheilosis (chapped lips) - seborrheic dermatitis - keratitis
34
indications vitamin b2
- migraines - acne - anemia
35
sources vitamin b3 (niacin) (3)
- beans - turkey, tuna, liver - yeast, enriched whole grains
36
2 functions vitamin b3
- antihyperlipidemic drug | - metabolic processes
37
condition caused by vitamin b3 deficiency
pellagra
38
3 adverse effects vitamin b3
flushing pruritis GI distress
39
sources vitamin b6 (pyridoxine) (4)
- yeast, whole grains - fish, meat - nuts - vegetables, bananas
40
function vitamin b6
many metabolic functions
41
S+S vitamin b6 deficiency (3)
- anemia - neurologic disturbances - chapped lips
42
causes vitamin b6 deficiency (3)
- alcoholism - heart failure - drug induced: isoniazid, hydralazine
43
indications vitamin b6 supplements (2)
- morning sickness | - seizures
44
sources vitamin b12 (cyanocobalamin) (2)
- liver, kidney, fish | - milk, eggs
45
function vitamin b12
many metabolic functions
46
most common S+S untreated vitamin b12 deficiency
pernicious anemia
47
causes deficiency vitamin b12 (2)
malabsorption | poor dietary intake (vegetarian)
48
oral absorption vitamin b12 requires presence of what (secreted by parietal cells)
intrinsic factor
49
sources vitamin c (3)
- citrus fruits - some veggies - liver
50
condition caused by prolonged deficiency vitamin c
scurvy
51
S+S scurvy (4)
- bleeding gums, gingivitis - anemia - bone lesions - delayed healing soft tissues and bones
52
S+S megadoses vitamin c (3)
- N/V - headache, abdominal cramps - acidified urine, possible stone formation
53
most abundant mineral element in body
calcium
54
efficient absorption of calcium requires adequate amounts of what vitamin
vitamin d
55
extra calcium required for who (2)
growing children | women pregnant or breastfeeding
56
calcium sources (4)
- milk and dairy products - fortified cereals - orange juice - sardines, salmon
57
conditions associated with hypocalcemia (3)
infantile rickets adult osteomalacia osteoporosis
58
S+S hypercalcemia (5)
- anorexia - N/V - constipation - cardiac irregularities - severe: delirium, coma
59
drug interaction with calcium and result
tetracyclines (digoxin) | *result: chelation
60
one of principal cations of intracellular fluid
magnesium
61
2 important functions magnesium
nerve physiology | muscle contraction
62
sources magnesium (3)
- green leafy veggies - meats, dairy - cereal, nuts
63
causes hypomagnesemia (5)
- malabsorption - alcoholism - long term IV feedings - diuretics and PPIs - metabolic disorders
64
adverse effects hypermagnesemia (3)
- tendon reflex loss - CNS depression - resp distress
65
sources phosphorus (3)
- dairy - meat - peas
66
causes phosphorus deficiency (4)
- excessive diarrhea/vomiting - hyperthyroidism - long term antacids - hepatic disease
67
phosphorus required for synthesis of what 2 things
nucleic acid | adenosine
68
adverse effects phosphorus (4)
- diarrhea - N/V - confusion, weakness - breathing difficulties
69
trace element essential in metabolic reactions of proteins and carbohydrates
zinc
70
important function zinc
wound repair
71
sources zinc (4)
- red meats, oyster, liver - milk products, eggs - beans - whole grains

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