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PathoPharm > lilley ch 53 vitamins > Flashcards

lilley ch 53 vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Organic molecules needed in small quantities for
normal metabolism and other biochemical
functions, such as growth or repair of tissue

A

vitamins

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2
Q

what category of vitamins cannot be stored in large quantities in the body

A

water-soluble

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3
Q

what groups of vitamins are water-soluble (2)

A

B

C

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4
Q

what groups of vitamins are fat-soluble (4)

A

A
D
E
K

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5
Q

where are fat-soluble vitamins stored

A

liver and fatty tissues

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6
Q

food sources vitamin A (3)

A
  • green, yellow, orange vegetables and fruits
  • liver, fish
  • dairy products
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7
Q

functions of vitamin A (4)

A
  • growth and development bones and teeth
  • night and normal vision
  • reproduction
  • cholesterol and steroid synthesis
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8
Q

who should take vitamin a supplement (5)

A 
infants
pregnant and nursing women
hyperkeratosis of skin
night blindness
severe acne
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9
Q

medicine containing vitamin a given for severe acne

A

isotretinoin

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10
Q

S+S toxicity vitamin a (3)

A
  • infants: increased intracranial pressure
  • generalized peeling of skin
  • irritability, vomiting
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11
Q

sources vitamin D (4)

A
  • fish
  • milk, orange juice
  • dairy products
  • sun
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12
Q

where is vitamin d biotransformed by parathyroid hormone

A

liver

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13
Q

where is vitamin d converted to most active form

A

kidney

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14
Q

functions vitamin d (2)

A
  • calcification of bones and teeth

- absorption/use of calcium and phosphorus

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15
Q

conditions due to long-term deficiency vitamin d (3)

A

osteomalacia
rickets
tetany

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16
Q

S+S toxicity vitamin d (4)

A
  • hypertension, fatigue
  • anorexia
  • bone pain, osteoporosis
  • impairment renal function
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17
Q

3 forms vitamin d supplements

A

 Calcifediol (Calderol)
 Calcitriol (Rocaltrol)
 Ergocalciferol (Drisdol)

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18
Q

4 forms vitamin e

A

alpha
beta
gamma
delta tocopherol

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19
Q

food sources vitamin e (3)

A
  • grains, fortified cereals
  • meats, chicken, fish
  • nuts
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20
Q

who was highest risk deficiency vitamin e

A

premature infants

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21
Q

2 adverse effects vitamin e

A

GI tract

CNS

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22
Q

3 types vitamin k

A

phytonadione (K1)
menaquinone (K2)
menadione (K3)

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23
Q

where is vitamin k2 synthesized in body

A

intestinal flora

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24
Q

functions vitamin k (3)

A
  • blood coagulation factors in liver
  • given prophylactically to newborn infants
  • reverses effects warfarin
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25
Q

sources vitamin k (3)

A
  • green leafy veggies
  • soybean oils
  • cheese
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26
Q

food sources vitamin b1 (thiamine) (4)

A
  • enriched whole grain breads and cereals
  • liver
  • beans
  • yeast
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27
Q

2 deficiencies vitamin b1

A

beriberi

wernickes encephalopathy

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28
Q

causes vitamin b1 deficiencies (5)

A
  • extended fever
  • hyperthyroidism
  • liver disease
  • alcoholism
  • pregnancy and breastfeeding
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29
Q

functions vitamin b1 (2)

A
  • carbohydrate metabolism

- krebs cycle

30
Q

sources vitamin b2 (riboflavin) (5)

A
  • green leafy veggies
  • eggs, dairy products
  • nuts, legumes
  • meats, liver
  • yeast, enriched whole grains
31
Q

major cause vitamin b2 deficiency

A

alcoholism

32
Q

biggest function vitamin b2

A

-normal respiratory function

33
Q

S+S deficiency vitamin b2 (3)

A
  • cheilosis (chapped lips)
  • seborrheic dermatitis
  • keratitis
34
Q

indications vitamin b2

A
  • migraines
  • acne
  • anemia
35
Q

sources vitamin b3 (niacin) (3)

A
  • beans
  • turkey, tuna, liver
  • yeast, enriched whole grains
36
Q

2 functions vitamin b3

A
  • antihyperlipidemic drug

- metabolic processes

37
Q

condition caused by vitamin b3 deficiency

A

pellagra

38
Q

3 adverse effects vitamin b3

A

flushing
pruritis
GI distress

39
Q

sources vitamin b6 (pyridoxine) (4)

A
  • yeast, whole grains
  • fish, meat
  • nuts
  • vegetables, bananas
40
Q

function vitamin b6

A

many metabolic functions

41
Q

S+S vitamin b6 deficiency (3)

A
  • anemia
  • neurologic disturbances
  • chapped lips
42
Q

causes vitamin b6 deficiency (3)

A
  • alcoholism
  • heart failure
  • drug induced: isoniazid, hydralazine
43
Q

indications vitamin b6 supplements (2)

A
  • morning sickness

- seizures

44
Q

sources vitamin b12 (cyanocobalamin) (2)

A
  • liver, kidney, fish

- milk, eggs

45
Q

function vitamin b12

A

many metabolic functions

46
Q

most common S+S untreated vitamin b12 deficiency

A

pernicious anemia

47
Q

causes deficiency vitamin b12 (2)

A

malabsorption

poor dietary intake (vegetarian)

48
Q

oral absorption vitamin b12 requires presence of what (secreted by parietal cells)

A

intrinsic factor

49
Q

sources vitamin c (3)

A
  • citrus fruits
  • some veggies
  • liver
50
Q

condition caused by prolonged deficiency vitamin c

A

scurvy

51
Q

S+S scurvy (4)

A
  • bleeding gums, gingivitis
  • anemia
  • bone lesions
  • delayed healing soft tissues and bones
52
Q

S+S megadoses vitamin c (3)

A
  • N/V
  • headache, abdominal cramps
  • acidified urine, possible stone formation
53
Q

most abundant mineral element in body

A

calcium

54
Q

efficient absorption of calcium requires adequate amounts of what vitamin

A

vitamin d

55
Q

extra calcium required for who (2)

A

growing children

women pregnant or breastfeeding

56
Q

calcium sources (4)

A
  • milk and dairy products
  • fortified cereals
  • orange juice
  • sardines, salmon
57
Q

conditions associated with hypocalcemia (3)

A

infantile rickets
adult osteomalacia
osteoporosis

58
Q

S+S hypercalcemia (5)

A
  • anorexia
  • N/V
  • constipation
  • cardiac irregularities
  • severe: delirium, coma
59
Q

drug interaction with calcium and result

A

tetracyclines (digoxin)

*result: chelation

60
Q

one of principal cations of intracellular fluid

A

magnesium

61
Q

2 important functions magnesium

A

nerve physiology

muscle contraction

62
Q

sources magnesium (3)

A
  • green leafy veggies
  • meats, dairy
  • cereal, nuts
63
Q

causes hypomagnesemia (5)

A
  • malabsorption
  • alcoholism
  • long term IV feedings
  • diuretics and PPIs
  • metabolic disorders
64
Q

adverse effects hypermagnesemia (3)

A
  • tendon reflex loss
  • CNS depression
  • resp distress
65
Q

sources phosphorus (3)

A
  • dairy
  • meat
  • peas
66
Q

causes phosphorus deficiency (4)

A
  • excessive diarrhea/vomiting
  • hyperthyroidism
  • long term antacids
  • hepatic disease
67
Q

phosphorus required for synthesis of what 2 things

A

nucleic acid

adenosine

68
Q

adverse effects phosphorus (4)

A
  • diarrhea
  • N/V
  • confusion, weakness
  • breathing difficulties
69
Q

trace element essential in metabolic reactions of proteins and carbohydrates

A

zinc

70
Q

important function zinc

A

wound repair

71
Q

sources zinc (4)

A
  • red meats, oyster, liver
  • milk products, eggs
  • beans
  • whole grains

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