Lewis Ch 6 (stress management) Flashcards
The inability to cope with perceived demands or threats to one’s mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being
stress
physiologic stressor examples
- pain
- excessive noise
- starvation
- infection
emotional/psychologic stressor examples
- diagnosis of cancer
- death of spouse
- caring for disabled child
important stressor variables
type
duration: acute or chronic
intensity: mild, moderate, or severe
internal influences affecting response to stress
- age
- health status
- personality
- previous experience
external influences affecting response to stress
- culture and ethnicity
- religion and spirituality
- socioeconomic status
- number of stressors
characteristic: being resourceful, flexible, good at problem solving
resilience
characteristic: commitment, control, open to change
hardiness
three body systems with bidirectional communication relating to stress
- nervous (CNS)
- endocrine
- immune system
part of CNS: Control of cognition, affect, and movement
cerebral cortex
part of CNS : Mediator of emotions and behavior, ensures survival and self-preservation
limbic system
part of CNS: contains reticular activating system (RAS), sends impulses to alert limbic system and cerebral cortex; stress increases frequency of impulses
reticular formation
part of CNS: Central to connection between nervous and endocrine systems, Regulates the function of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system
hypothalamus
what part of body releases epinephrine and norepinephrine for fight or flight response
adrenal medulla
what affect does increased sympathetic nervous system activity have on heart
increased cardiac output
what affect does increased sympathetic nervous system activity have on blood vessels
increased systolic BP
redistribution of blood to vital organs
what affect does increased sympathetic nervous system activity have on lungs
increased respiration rate
shallow breaths
what affect does increased sympathetic nervous system activity have on adrenal medulla
prolonged SNS response
increased (nor)epinephrine
what affect does increased sympathetic nervous system activity have on liver
increased blood glucose levels
what affect does increased sympathetic nervous system activity have on GI system
decreased digestion
physiologic effects of cortisol
- Increases blood glucose levels
- Potentiates catecholamine action on blood vessels
- Inhibits the inflammatory response.
what is chronic unrelieved stress linked to
- leading causes of death (cancer, suicide)
- impaired cognitive function
what effects do long term exposure to catecholamines from excessive activation of SNS have on body
- increased risk cardiovascular diseases
- decreased metabolism
- immunosuppression
Managing emotions that one feels when a stressful event occurs. situation is unchangeable/uncontrollable
emotion-focused coping
Finding solutions to resolve problems causing stress. situation can be controlled/changed
problem-focused coping
examples of relaxation strategies
relaxation breathing (4-6-8) biofeedback meditation imagery massage music prayer
