Lewis Ch 6 (stress management)

Question 1

The inability to cope with perceived demands or threats to one’s mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being

Answer 1

stress

Question 2

physiologic stressor examples

Answer 2

• pain
• excessive noise
• starvation
• infection

Question 3

emotional/psychologic stressor examples

Answer 3

• diagnosis of cancer
• death of spouse
• caring for disabled child

Question 4

important stressor variables

Answer 4

type

duration: acute or chronic
intensity: mild, moderate, or severe

Question 5

internal influences affecting response to stress

Answer 5

• age
• health status
• personality
• previous experience

Question 6

external influences affecting response to stress

Answer 6

• culture and ethnicity
• religion and spirituality
• socioeconomic status
• number of stressors

Question 7

characteristic: being resourceful, flexible, good at problem solving

Answer 7

resilience

Question 8

characteristic: commitment, control, open to change

Answer 8

hardiness

Question 9

three body systems with bidirectional communication relating to stress

Answer 9

• nervous (CNS)
• endocrine
• immune system

Question 10

part of CNS: Control of cognition, affect, and movement

Answer 10

cerebral cortex

Question 11

part of CNS : Mediator of emotions and behavior, ensures survival and self-preservation

Answer 11

limbic system

Question 12

part of CNS: contains reticular activating system (RAS), sends impulses to alert limbic system and cerebral cortex; stress increases frequency of impulses

Answer 12

reticular formation

Question 13

part of CNS: Central to connection between nervous and endocrine systems, Regulates the function of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 13

hypothalamus

Question 14

what part of body releases epinephrine and norepinephrine for fight or flight response

Answer 14

adrenal medulla

Question 15

what affect does increased sympathetic nervous system activity have on heart

Answer 15

increased cardiac output

Question 16

what affect does increased sympathetic nervous system activity have on blood vessels

Answer 16

increased systolic BP

redistribution of blood to vital organs

Question 17

what affect does increased sympathetic nervous system activity have on lungs

Answer 17

increased respiration rate

shallow breaths

Question 18

what affect does increased sympathetic nervous system activity have on adrenal medulla

Answer 18

prolonged SNS response

increased (nor)epinephrine

Question 19

what affect does increased sympathetic nervous system activity have on liver

Answer 19

increased blood glucose levels

Question 20

what affect does increased sympathetic nervous system activity have on GI system

Answer 20

decreased digestion

Question 21

physiologic effects of cortisol

Answer 21

• Increases blood glucose levels
• Potentiates catecholamine action on blood vessels
• Inhibits the inflammatory response.

Question 22

what is chronic unrelieved stress linked to

Answer 22

• leading causes of death (cancer, suicide)

- impaired cognitive function

Question 23

what effects do long term exposure to catecholamines from excessive activation of SNS have on body

Answer 23

• increased risk cardiovascular diseases
• decreased metabolism
• immunosuppression

Question 24

Managing emotions that one feels when a stressful event occurs. situation is unchangeable/uncontrollable

Answer 24

emotion-focused coping

Question 25

Finding solutions to resolve problems causing stress. situation can be controlled/changed

Answer 25

problem-focused coping

Question 26

examples of relaxation strategies

Answer 26

relaxation breathing (4-6-8)
biofeedback
meditation
imagery
massage
music
prayer