lilley ch 45 and 46 (antineoplastic drugs)

Question 1

lowest level of WBC in the blood following chemotherapy or radiation. Normally occurs 10-28 days after dosing

Answer 1

nadir

Question 2

contraindications for chemotherapy (5)

Answer 2

• very low WBC (severe neutropenia)
• ongoing infectious process
• severe compromise in hydration and nutrition
• reduced kidney or liver function
• decline in organ function

Question 3

cell cycle specific antimetabolites work primarily in the ___ phase of the cell cycle when dna synthesis is most active

Answer 3

S phase

Question 4

cell cycle specific antimetabolite antagonist: inhibits the
conversion of folic acid to folate which is needed
for DNA synthesis

Answer 4

folate antagonist (folic acid)

Question 5

what kind of antimetabolite antagonist is methotrexate

Answer 5

folate antagonist

Question 6

cell cycle specific antimetabolite antagonist: purine bases (adenine & guanine) inhibited- inhibits synthesis of DNA & RNA

Answer 6

purine antagonist

Question 7

cell cycle specific antimetabolite antagonist: Pyramidine bases (cytosine, thyamine, uracil) inhibits synthesis of
DNA & RNA

Answer 7

pyrimidine antagonist

Question 8

what kind of antimetabolite antagonist is fluorouracil

Answer 8

pyrimidine antagonist

Question 9

when are antimetabolite drugs used

Answer 9

to treat solid tumors and some hematologic cancers

leukemia

Question 10

what can methotrexate be used to treat (2)

Answer 10

psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis

Question 11

what are some adverse effects of antimetabolites (7)

Answer 11

• hair loss
• N/V
• myelosuppression
• toxicity
• tumor lysis sydnrome
• hand-foot syndrome
• stevens johnson syndrome

Question 12

accumulation of uric acid in the blood after lysis of tumor cells

Answer 12

tumor lysis syndrome

Question 13

what medicine is used to treat tumor lysis syndrome

Answer 13

allopurinol (anti-gout med)

Question 14

Natural products obtained from the periwinkle plant (vinca alkaloids) or the mandrake plant (taxanes)
-Can work in various phases of the cell cycle

Answer 14

mitotic inhibitors

Question 15

what category of meds are vincristine and vinblastine

Answer 15

mitotic inhibitors

Question 16

what are mitotic inhibitors used to treat

Answer 16

used in combination therapies
variety of solid tumors and some hematologic malignancies
(kaposi’s sarcoma, acute leukemia)

Question 17

adverse effects of mitotic inhibitors (6)

Answer 17

• hair loss
• N/V
• myelosuppression
• liver, kidney, lung toxicities
• convulsions
• extravasation

Question 18

what cancers (2) are treated with topoisomerase 1 inhibitors

Answer 18

ovarian and colorectal cancers

Question 19

type of chemo drug: Synthesized using cultures of bacteria and recombinant DNA technology; enzyme isolated and purified for use

Answer 19

antineoplastic enzymes

Question 20

used to treat acute lymphocytic leukemia

Answer 20

asparaginase

Question 21

adverse effects of antineoplastic enzymes (2)

Answer 21

• impaired pancreatic function

- hyperglycemia

Question 22

category of cell cycle nonspecific antineoplastic drug: alters cell’s DNA and prevents cancer cells from reproducing

Answer 22

alkylating drugs

Question 23

examples of cancers treated with alkylating drugs

Answer 23

• recurrent ovarian cancer
• brain tumor
• lymphoma
• leukemia
• breast cancer
• bladder cancer

Question 24

adverse effects alkylating drugs (7)

Answer 24

• N/V
• myelosuppression
• hair loss
• nephrotoxicity
• ototoxicity
• peripheral neuropathy
• extravasation

Question 25

category of cell cycle nonspecific antineoplastic drug:
-Natural substances produced by the mold
Streptomyces
-active in all phases of cell cycle

Answer 25

cytotoxic antibiotics

Question 26

what category of drug is bleomycin in

Answer 26

cytotoxic antibiotic

Question 27

cytotoxic antibiotic that causes pulmonary toxicity

Answer 27

bleomycin

Question 28

• Leaking of an antineoplastic drug into
surrounding tissues during intravenous (IV)
administration
• Can result in permanent damage to nerves,
tendons, muscles; loss of limbs

Answer 28

extravasation

Question 29

2 med examples of erythropoietic drugs (hematopoietic drugs)

Answer 29

epoetin alfa

darbepoetin alfa

Question 30

what kind of drug is filgrastim

Answer 30

colony-stimulating factor (hematopoietic drug)

Question 31

• type of drug that promotes growth, differentiation, and function of corresponding cells in bone marrow
• decreases bone marrow recovery time
• decreases duration of chemo-induced anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia

Answer 31

hematopoietic drugs

Question 32

what does filgrastim have a significant interaction with, and should not be given until 24 hours after this kind of drug

Answer 32

myelosuppressive antineoplastic drugs