lewis ch 16 (acid base)

Question 1

normal range for pH

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

pH >7.45

Answer 2

alkalosis

Question 3

pH<7.35

Answer 3

acidosis

Question 4

•Act chemically to change strong acids 
to weak acids or bind acids
• Fastest-acting system
• Primary regulator of acid-base     
balance

Answer 4

buffer system

Question 5

what body system buffers (compensates) CO2 (acid)

Answer 5

lungs

Question 6

what body system buffers HCO3 (base)

Answer 6

kidneys

Question 7

what happens to HCO3 if CO2 rises? if it falls?

Answer 7

increased CO2= increased HCO3

decreased CO2= decreased HCO3

Question 8

normal range PaCO2

Answer 8

35-45 mmHg

Question 9

normal range HCO3

Answer 9

22-26 mEq/L

Question 10

normal range PaO2

Answer 10

80-100 mmHg

Question 11

spO2 of 90% = ? PaO2

Answer 11

60 mmHg

Question 12

increased pH, decreased PaCO2

Answer 12

respiratory alkalosis

Question 13

decreased pH, increased PaCO2

Answer 13

respiratory acidosis

Question 14

increased pH, increased HCO3

Answer 14

metabolic alkalosis

Question 15

decreased pH, decreased HCO3

Answer 15

metabolic acidosis

Question 16

normal saO2%

Answer 16

> 95%

Question 17

CO2 and HCO3: if one is normal and the other is abnormal, the blood gas is ________________

Answer 17

uncompensated

Question 18

CO2 and HCO3: if both are abnormal but arrows are in same direction, the blood gas is ___________________

Answer 18

partially compensated

Question 19

CO2 and HCO3: if both are abnormal but arrows are in opposite directions, the blood gas is _____________

Answer 19

mixed metabolic and respiratory

Question 20

if pH is normal but either CO2 or HCO3 are abnormal, the blood gas is _____________

Answer 20

compensated

Question 21

what is respiratory acidosis caused by (2)

carbonic acid and CO2 excess

Answer 21

hypoventilation
respiratory failure (COPD, pneumonia, atelectasis)

Question 22

signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis (8)

Answer 22

• headache
• hyperkalemia
• dysrhythmias (increased potassium)
• drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation
• muscle weakness
• hyperreflexia
• decreased bp
• rapid shallow respirations

Question 23

what is respiratory alkalosis caused by (2)

carbonic acid and CO2 deficit

Answer 23

hypoxemia from acute pulmonary disorders

hyperventilation

Question 24

how to treat respiratory alkalosis

Answer 24

breathe into closed system

Question 25

signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis (7)

Answer 25

• seizures
• deep rapid breathing
• tachycardia
• hypokalemia
• numbness and tingling of extremities
• lethargy and confusion
• N/V

Question 26

what is metabolic acidosis caused by (4)

excess carbonic acid or HCO3 deficit

Answer 26

• ketoacidosis
• lactic acid accumulation (shock)
• severe diarrhea
• kidney disease

Question 27

how does the body compensate for metabolic acidosis

Answer 27

kussmaul respirations

Question 28

signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis (7)

Answer 28

• decreased bp
• hyperkalemia
• muscle twitching
• warm flushed skin
• N/V/D
• changes in LOC
• kussmaul respirations

Question 29

what is metabolic alkalosis caused by (2)

HCO3 excess

Answer 29

prolonged vomiting or gastric suction

gain of HCO3

Question 30

signs and symptoms of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 30

• dysrhythmias (tachycardia)
• compensatory hypoventilation
• confusion
• N/V/D
• tremors, muscle cramps, tingling of fingers and toes
• hypokalemia