lewis ch 23 - integumentary Flashcards
what does ABCDE stand for when examining skin
A: asymmetry B: border irregularity C: color change D: diameter > 6 mm E: evolving in appearance
risk factors in skin care (6)
- fair skin
- blonde/red hair
- blue eyes
- outdoor sunbathing
- living near equator or in high altitudes
- h/o skin cancer
premalignant skin condition:
- from sun damage
- common in older whites
- scaly papule
- rough adherent scale on red base
actinic keratosis
premalignant skin condition:
- > 5 mm with irregular borders
- varying colors of tan, brown, black, red or pink
- central part is raised with flat edges
- increased risk for melanoma
atypical or dysplastic nevi
premalignant skin condition:
– Most common type of skin cancer; may be areas of the body that
were not sun-exposed
– Least deadly, rarely metastasizes
– Nodular of ulcerative depression in the center or erythematous &
pearly
– Treat with removal, laser, flurouracil
basal cell carcinoma
malignant skin condition:
- chronic slow progressing disease
- 2x more likely in men
- 3 stages: patchy, plaque, tumor
- red plaques on trunk
cutaneous t-cell lymphoma
malignant skin condition:
- growth of melanocytes on eyes, skin, or mucous membranes
- irregular color, surface and border
- > 1 cm
- can be flat or elevated, eroded or ulcerated
- commonly found on back, chest, or legs
- potential invasion and widespread metastases
melanoma
malignant skin condition:
– Potential to metastasize
– Pipe, cigar, and cigarette smoking contribute to the formation on the
mouth and lips
– Immunosuppression leads to a dramatic increase in the incidence
– Thin, scaly, erythematous. Progresses to have firm nodules and scales
or horns
– Treat with removal, radiation, flurouracil, chemo for mets
squamous cell carcinoma
what medicine is used to treat squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma
flurouracil
most important prognostic factor is the tumor _______ at the time of diagnosis
thickness
depth of measurement of tumor in mm
breslow measurement
depth of invasion of the tumor
clark level
bacterial skin infection:
- multiple interconnecting furuncles
- most common at nape of neck
carbuncle
bacterial skin infection:
- inflammation of subq tissues
- commonly from s. aureus
- hot, tender, red
- chills, fatigue, fever
cellulitis
bacterial skin infection:
- superficial cellulitis
- red, hot, sharply demarcated plaque that is indurated and painful
- most common on face and extremities
- fever, high WBC count, headache, fatigue
erysipelas
bacterial skin infection:
- usually from staph
- present in areas subjected to friction, moisture, rubbing or oil
- small pustule at hair follicle opening
- most common in scalp
folliculitis
bacterial skin infection:
- deep infection with staph around hair follicle
- draining pus
furuncle
bacterial skin infection:
- increased incidence in patients who are obese, diabetic, chronically ill, or regularly exposed to moisture
- fatigue, elevated body temp
- lesions: tender red area around hair follicle
furunculosis
bacterial skin infection:
- from staph or strep
- associated with poor hygiene
- contagious
- lesions with thick, honey colored crust
- most common on face as primary infection
impetigo
viral skin infection:
- oral or genital warts
- recurrent lifelong viral infections
- contagious
- single or grouped vesicles on red base
herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 + 2
viral skin infection:
- linear distribution along a dermatome of grouped vesicles or pustules
- unilateral usually along trunk
herpes zoster (shingles)
viral skin infection:
- caused by HPV
- wart on bottom of foot
- interrupted skin markings
plantar wart
viral skin infection:
- caused by HPV
- circumscribed, hypertrophic, flesh-colored papule limited to epidermis
verruca vulgaris (common wart)
fungal skin infection:
- appears in warm moist areas such as mouth, groin, and submammary folds
- mouth: white cheesy plaque
- vagina: painful vaginal wall with white patches
- skin: diffuse papular rash
candidiasis
