Lilley Ch 11 (general and local anesthetics)

Question 1

Drugs that reduce or eliminate pain by depressing nerve function in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system

Answer 1

anesthetics

Question 2

three types of anesthetics

Answer 2

1. general
2. local
3. monitored anesthesia care

Question 3

type of anesthesia: complete loss of consciousness and loss of body reflexes, including paralysis of respiratory muscles

Answer 3

general anesthesia

Question 4

type of anesthesia: no paralysis of respiratory function; elimination of pain sensation in the tissues innervated by anesthetized nerves

Answer 4

local anesthesi

Question 5

type of anesthesia: local anesthesia along with sedation and analgesia. Patients can answer questions and protect their airway.

Answer 5

monitored anesthesia care (MAC)

Question 6

who can administer anesthesia

Answer 6

anesthesiologist
CRNA
anesthesia assistant

Question 7

3 types of general anesthetics

Answer 7

• inhalational
• parenteral
• adjunct

Question 8

which is true:

• fat-soluble drugs are stronger anesthetics than water-soluble drugs
• water-soluble drugs are stronger anesthetics than fat-soluble drugs

Answer 8

fat-soluble drugs are stronger than water-soluble

Question 9

3 functions of general anesthetics during surgical procedure

Answer 9

• unconsciousness
• skeletal muscle relaxation
• visceral smooth muscle relaxation

Question 10

important contraindication of general anesthesia

Answer 10

malignant hyperthermia (full body fever: greater than 104 F, tachycardia, muscle rigidity)

Question 11

reversal agent to treat malignant hyperthermia

Answer 11

dantrolene (skeletal muscle relaxant)

Question 12

med: Dose-dependent sedation, decreased anxiety, and analgesia without respiratory depression, short half life

Answer 12

precedex

Question 13

med: rapid onset of action, used for anesthesia and moderate sedation, can cause hallucinations

Answer 13

ketamine

Question 14

med: “laughing gas”, inhaled as general anesthetic, weak

Answer 14

nitrous oxide

Question 15

med: general anesthestic, very short half-life, monitor tryglycerides because med is in lipid emulsion

Answer 15

propofol

Question 16

med: rapid onset and elimination, commonly used in outpatient surgeries, nonirritating to airways

Answer 16

ultane

Question 17

type of sedation: Does not cause complete loss of consciousness and does not normally cause respiratory arrest; combo of IV bendodiazepine or propofol and opioid analgesic; maintains airway

Answer 17

moderate sedation (conscious/procedural sedation)

Question 18

med: topical analgesic, numbs skin

Answer 18

emla cream

Question 19

types of local/regional anesthetics (5)

Answer 19

• spinal
• nerve block
• infiltration
• topical
• peripheral nerve catheter with pump

Question 20

anesthetics ending in ‘aine’ are what type

Answer 20

local anesthetic

Question 21

order that anesthetic affects body systems

Answer 21

1. autonomic activity lost
2. pain and sensory functions lost
3. motor activity lost

Question 22

adverse effect of local anesthetic and how to treat (deals with spinal injection)

Answer 22

spinal headache due to dural puncture

lay flat 6-12 hours

Question 23

most common type of local anesthetic: can be combined with epinephrine, used for infiltration and nerve block

Answer 23

lidocaine

Question 24

drug used with anesthetics during surgery: Prevent nerve transmission in skeletal and smooth muscle, resulting in muscle paralysis, and paralyze the skeletal muscles required for breathing (intercostal muscles and diaphragm). *don’t cause sedation or pain relief

Answer 24

neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs)

Question 25

antidotes for neuromuscular blocking drugs

Answer 25

anticholinisterase drugs (neostigmine, pyridostigmine, edrophonium)

Question 26

depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug: causes flaccid muscle paralysis, highly associated with malignant hyperthermia

Answer 26

syccinylcholine

Question 27

nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug: adjunct to general anesthesia, facilitates tracheal intubation, provides skeletal muscle relaxation

Answer 27

zemuron