lilley ch 28 (diuretic drugs)

Question 1

when are diuretic drugs commonly used (3)

Answer 1

hypertension
renal failure
heart failure

Question 2

what structure do diuretics act on

Answer 2

nephron of kidney

Question 3

where in the kidney is the majority of sodium and water from the filtered fluid returned back to the bloodstream

Answer 3

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 4

class of diuretic:

• acts at proximal tubule
• secretes bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, water
• retains hydrogen ions

Answer 4

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Question 5

what class of diuretic is acetazolamide

Answer 5

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Question 6

class of diuretic:

• acts at proximal tubule
• limits passive tubular reabsorption
• causes expansion of plasma volume

Answer 6

osmotic diuretics

Question 7

what class of diuretic is mannitol

Answer 7

osmotic

Question 8

class of diuretic:

• acts on loop of henle, proximal and distal tubules
• inhibits chloride reabsorption

Answer 8

loop diuretic

Question 9

what class of diuretic are bumetanide and furosemide

Answer 9

loop diuretic

Question 10

class of diuretic:

• acts on distal convoluted tubule
• inhibits sodium chloride cotransporter

Answer 10

thiazide diuretic

Question 11

what class of diuretic are bendroflumethiazide, chlortalidone, metolazone, hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 11

thiazide diuretic

Question 12

class of diuretic:

• acts on distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
• binds to aldosterone receptor
• mild diuresis
• limited potassium loss

Answer 12

potassium sparing diuretic

Question 13

what class of diuretic are amiloride, eplerenone, spironolactone, triamterene

Answer 13

potassium sparing diuretic

Question 14

contraindications for carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics (5)

Answer 14

• hyponatremia
• hypokalemia
• severe renal or hepatic dysfunction
• adrenal gland insufficiency
• cirrhosis

Question 15

adverse effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics (6)

Answer 15

• acidosis
• paresthesia
• hematuria
• photosensitivity
• melena
• hyperglycemia

Question 16

med interactions with carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics (2)

Answer 16

• digoxin toxicity

- corticosteroids (hypokalemia)

Question 17

when to use loop diuretics (3)

Answer 17

hypertension
heart failure
edema

Question 18

side effects of loop diuretics (4)

Answer 18

• hyponatremia
• hypokalemia
• hypomagnesemia
• ototoxicity

Question 19

med interactions with loop diuretics (7)

Answer 19

• aminoglycosides
• vancomycin
• corticosteroids
• digoxin
• lithium
• NSAIDs
• antidiabetic drugs

Question 20

adverse effects of loop diuretics (8)

Answer 20

• tinnitus
• blurred vision
• N/V/D
• stevens-johnson syndrome
• neutropenia
• thrombocytopenia
• hypokalemia
• hyperglycemia

Question 21

S+S hypokalemia (“A SIC WALT”)

Answer 21

Alkalosis
Shallow respirations
Irritability
Confusion, drowsiness
Weakness
Arrhythmias
Lethargy 
Thready pulse

Question 22

what is the black box warning for furosemide (lasix)

Answer 22

fluid and electrolyte loss

Question 23

what is furosemide (lasix) commonly used to treat

Answer 23

pulmonary edema

Question 24

what class of diuretic produces rapid diuresis

Answer 24

osmotic diuretics

Question 25

what is a common use for osmotic diuretics

Answer 25

reduce intracranial pressure

Question 26

adverse effects of osmotic diuretics (3)

Answer 26

convulsions
thrombophlebitis
pulmonary congestion

Question 27

adverse effects of potassium sparing diuretics (4)

Answer 27

• N/V/D
• polyuria
• hyperkalemia
• gynecomastia

Question 28

med interactions with potassium sparing diuretics (4)

Answer 28

NSAIDs
lithium
potassium supplements
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Question 29

what are thiazide diuretics most commonly prescribed for

Answer 29

hypertension

Question 30

adverse effects thiazide diuretics (6)

Answer 30

• N/V/D
• impotence
• jaundice
• leukopenia
• hypokalemia
• hyperglycemia