Lewis Ch 7 (sleep and sleep disorders)

Question 1

State in which a person lacks conscious awareness of environmental surroundings but can be easily aroused

Answer 1

sleep

Question 2

peptides released after meals may mediate sleepiness

Answer 2

postprandial

Question 3

what gland is melatonin made by (released with dark)

Answer 3

pineal gland

Question 4

24-hour biologic rhythm fluctuations regulated by hypothalamus

Answer 4

circadian rhythm

Question 5

two sleep states

Answer 5

REM

NREM

Question 6

3 stages NREM sleep

Answer 6

1. transition wakefulness to sleep
2. majority of time, heartrate and body temp decrease
3. deep slow wave sleep

Question 7

effects of sleep deprivation on brain

Answer 7

• cognitive impairment

- behavioral changes

Question 8

effects of sleep deprivation on immune system

Answer 8

impaired function

Question 9

effects of sleep deprivation on cardiovascular system

Answer 9

• heart disease
• increased bp
• stroke

Question 10

effects of sleep deprivation on GI system

Answer 10

• increased risk obesity

- increased GERD

Question 11

effects of sleep deprivation on endocrine system

Answer 11

• increased risk type 2 diabetes

- increased insulin resistance

Question 12

Environmental sleep-disruptive factors

Answer 12

noise
light
activity

Question 13

sleeping disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, unrestful sleep
(acute = 3 nights/week for less than 1 month
chronic = 3 months+)

Answer 13

insomnia

Question 14

what does cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) include

Answer 14

• stress management
• relaxation breathing
• imagery
• limit amount of time in bed

Question 15

abnormal respiratory patterns in sleep

Answer 15

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
apnea
hypopnea
snoring

Question 16

cessation of respiratory airflow lasting longer than 10 seconds

Answer 16

apnea

Question 17

shallow respirations

Answer 17

hypopnea

Question 18

how long does cessation of respiratory airflow last during OSA

Answer 18

10-90 seconds

Question 19

decreased oxygen levels

Answer 19

hypoxia

Question 20

increased CO2 levels

Answer 20

hypercapnia

Question 21

Involuntary, repetitive movement of the limbs that affects people during sleep; most often legs

Answer 21

periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)

Question 22

examples circadian rhythm disorders

Answer 22

jet lag

night shift

Question 23

Chronic neurological disorder - brain unable to regulate sleep–wake cycles normally. Causes uncontrollable urges to sleep, often go directly into REM sleep
(2 types - with or without cataplexy)

Answer 23

narcolepsy

Question 24

sudden loss of muscle tone, laughter, angers, surprise can trigger

Answer 24

cateplexy

Question 25

Unusual and often undesirable behaviors that occur while falling asleep, transitioning between sleep stages, or during arousal from sleep

Answer 25

parasomnias

Question 26

examples parasomnias

Answer 26

sleepwalking
sleep terror
nightmare

Question 27

considerations for older adults with sleep

Answer 27

• shorter sleep time
• increased sleep disorders
• circadian shift
• medical problems, illnesses
• greater risks falls during night

Question 28

strategies for nurses for sleep

Answer 28

on-site napping
consistent sleep and wake schedule
sleep hygiene