lilley ch 51 bowel disorder drugs Flashcards
causes acute diarrhea (5)
- bacteria
- viruses
- drug induced
- nutritional factors
- protozoa
causes chronic diarrhea (6)
- tumors
- diabetes
- addisons disease
- hyperthyroidism
- IBS
- AIDS
3 categories antidiarrheals
- adsorbents
- antimotility drugs
- probiotics
4 examples adsorbents
- pepto bismol
- activated charcoal
- colestipol
- cholestyramine
examples anticholinergic (antimotility) drugs (3)
- atropine
- hyoscyamine
- belladonna alkaloid combos
examples opiate (antimotility) drugs (3)
- codeine
- loperamide
- lomatil
examples probiotic drugs (1)
lactobacillus acidophilus
when would you use adsorbents
mild cases diarrhea
when would you use anticholinergics and opiates
more severe cases diarrhea
when would you use probiotics
antibiotic-induced diarrhea
adverse effects adsorbents (6)
- increased bleeding time
- constipation, dark stools
- confusion
- tinnitus
- metallic taste
- blue tongue
adverse effects anticholinergics (5)
- urinary retention, impotence
- headache, drowsiness
- dry skin, flushing
- blurred vision
- tachycardia, hypotension
adverse effects opiates (6)
- drowsiness, dizziness
- N/V, constipation
- resp depression
- hypotension
- urinary retention
- flushing
who should opiates not be given to
patient with bloody diarrhea
drug interactions adsorbents (5)
digoxin quinine hypoglycemic drugs warfarin methotrexate
who should pepto bismol not be given to
kids/teenagers with chickenpox/flu
risk of reyes
who should anticholinergics not be given to (4)
- narrow angle glaucoma
- myasthenia gravis
- paralytic ileus
- toxic megacolon
5 types laxatives
- bulk forming
- emollient (stool softener and lubricant)
- hyperosmotic
- saline
- stimulant
2 examples bulk forming laxatives
psyllium (metamucil)
methylcellulose (citrucel)
2 examples emollient laxatives (stool softener and lubricant)
stool softener: docusate salts (colace, surfak)
lubricant: mineral oil
4 examples hyperosmotic laxatives
polyethylene glycol
sorbitol
glycerin
lactulose
2 examples saline laxatives
magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia) magnesium citrate (citroma)
2 examples stimulant laxatives
senna (senokot)
bisacodyl (dulcolax)
purpose of bulk forming laxatives
high fiber
absorbs water to increase bulk
purpose of emollient laxatives
promotes more water and fat in stools
lubricates fecal material and intestinal walls
purpose of hyperosmotic laxatives
increase fecal water content
purpose of saline laxatives
causes more water to enter intestines
purpose of stimulant laxatives
increases peristalsis
adverse effects bulk forming laxatives (4)
- impaction
- fluid overload
- electrolyte imbalances
- esophogeal blockage
adverse effects emollient laxatives (4)
- skin rashes
- decreased absorption of vitamins
- electrolyte imbalances
- lipid pneumonia
adverse effects hyperosmotic laxatives (4)
- abdominal bleeding
- electrolyte imbalances
- rectal irritation
- diarrhea
adverse effects saline laxatives (5)
- magnesium toxicity
- cramping
- electrolyte imbalances
- diarrhea
- increased thirst
adverse effects stimulant laxatives (6)
- nutrient malabsorption
- skin rashes
- gastric irritation
- electrolyte imbalances
- discolored urine
- rectal irritation
what should be given with bisacodyl (dulcolax)
water and empty stomach (*not milk, juice, or antacids)
what should be given with bulk forming laxatives
8 oz water
