lilley ch 51 bowel disorder drugs Flashcards by McKenna Michael

causes acute diarrhea (5)

bacteria
viruses
drug induced
nutritional factors
protozoa

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causes chronic diarrhea (6)

tumors
diabetes
addisons disease
hyperthyroidism
IBS
AIDS

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3 categories antidiarrheals

adsorbents
antimotility drugs
probiotics

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4 examples adsorbents

pepto bismol
activated charcoal
colestipol
cholestyramine

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examples anticholinergic (antimotility) drugs (3)

atropine
hyoscyamine
belladonna alkaloid combos

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examples opiate (antimotility) drugs (3)

codeine
loperamide
lomatil

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examples probiotic drugs (1)

lactobacillus acidophilus

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when would you use adsorbents

mild cases diarrhea

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when would you use anticholinergics and opiates

more severe cases diarrhea

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when would you use probiotics

antibiotic-induced diarrhea

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adverse effects adsorbents (6)

increased bleeding time
constipation, dark stools
confusion
tinnitus
metallic taste
blue tongue

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adverse effects anticholinergics (5)

urinary retention, impotence
headache, drowsiness
dry skin, flushing
blurred vision
tachycardia, hypotension

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adverse effects opiates (6)

drowsiness, dizziness
N/V, constipation
resp depression
hypotension
urinary retention
flushing

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who should opiates not be given to

patient with bloody diarrhea

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drug interactions adsorbents (5)

digoxin
quinine
hypoglycemic drugs
warfarin
methotrexate

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who should pepto bismol not be given to

kids/teenagers with chickenpox/flu

risk of reyes

who should anticholinergics not be given to (4)

narrow angle glaucoma
myasthenia gravis
paralytic ileus
toxic megacolon

5 types laxatives

bulk forming
emollient (stool softener and lubricant)
hyperosmotic
saline
stimulant

2 examples bulk forming laxatives

psyllium (metamucil)

methylcellulose (citrucel)

2 examples emollient laxatives (stool softener and lubricant)

stool softener: docusate salts (colace, surfak)

lubricant: mineral oil

4 examples hyperosmotic laxatives

polyethylene glycol
sorbitol
glycerin
lactulose

2 examples saline laxatives

magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia)
magnesium citrate (citroma)

2 examples stimulant laxatives

senna (senokot)

bisacodyl (dulcolax)

purpose of bulk forming laxatives

high fiber

absorbs water to increase bulk

purpose of emollient laxatives

promotes more water and fat in stools | lubricates fecal material and intestinal walls

purpose of hyperosmotic laxatives

increase fecal water content

purpose of saline laxatives

causes more water to enter intestines

purpose of stimulant laxatives

increases peristalsis

adverse effects bulk forming laxatives (4)

- impaction - fluid overload - electrolyte imbalances - esophogeal blockage

adverse effects emollient laxatives (4)

- skin rashes - decreased absorption of vitamins - electrolyte imbalances - lipid pneumonia

adverse effects hyperosmotic laxatives (4)

- abdominal bleeding - electrolyte imbalances - rectal irritation - diarrhea

adverse effects saline laxatives (5)

- magnesium toxicity - cramping - electrolyte imbalances - diarrhea - increased thirst

adverse effects stimulant laxatives (6)

- nutrient malabsorption - skin rashes - gastric irritation - electrolyte imbalances - discolored urine - rectal irritation

what should be given with bisacodyl (dulcolax)

water and empty stomach (*not milk, juice, or antacids)

what should be given with bulk forming laxatives

8 oz water