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lewis ch 45 (renal and urologic problems) Flashcards

1
Q

Amount of blood filtered each minute by the glomeruli

A

GFR

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2
Q

functional unit of kidney

A

nephron

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3
Q

S+S of lower urinary tract infection (4)

A
  • burning/painful urination
  • constant urge to urinate
  • cloudy urine
  • foul odor
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4
Q

2 classifications of lower UTI

A

cystitis

urethritis

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5
Q

1 classification of upper UTI

A

pyelonephritis

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6
Q

2 contributing factors to UTIs

A

sex

catheter

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7
Q

what 2 bacteria can cause CAUTI

A

pseudomonas

e coli

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8
Q

S+S of upper urinary tract infection (3)

A
  • flank pain (CVA tenderness)
  • chills
  • fever
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9
Q

2 diagnostic tests to diagnose UTI

A
  • dipstick urinalysis for nitrates, WBCs, and leukocyte esterase
  • urine culture/sensitivity (clean catch)
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10
Q

systemic infection from urologic source

A

urosepsis

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11
Q

Inflammation of renal parenchyma and collecting system, including renal pelvis

A

pyelonephritis

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12
Q

what is one of the most important risk factors for pyelonephritis

A

pregnancy -induced changes

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13
Q

diagnostic studies for pyelonephritis (5)

A
  • urinalysis culture and sensitivity
  • blood cultures
  • ultrasound
  • CT scan (preferred imaging study)
  • decreased kidney function test
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14
Q

Kidneys inflamed; resulting in scarring; loss of renal
function and atrophy
-Result from anatomic abnormalities or recurrent
infections of upper urinary tract

A

chronic pyelonephritis

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15
Q

diagnostic studies for chronic pyelonephritis (2)

A

radiologic imaging

biopsy

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16
Q

inflammation of the urethra due to bacterial or viral infection

A

urethritis

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17
Q

how do you treat urethritis (2)

A

sitz baths

antimicrobials

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18
Q

chronic, painful, inflammatory disease of the

bladder; can cause painful bladder syndrome

A

interstitial cystitis

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19
Q

bladder irritants (4)

A
  • caffeine
  • alcohol
  • some acidic fruits
  • spicy foods
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20
Q

Inflammation of the glomeruli

A

glomerulonephritis

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21
Q

S+S acute strep glomerulonephritis (6)

A
  • edema
  • hypertension
  • oliguria
  • hematuria
  • proteinuria
  • smokey urine
22
Q

how to treat acute glomerulonephritis (5)

A
  • rest
  • diuretics
  • restrict salt and fluids
  • restrict proteins
  • antibiotics
23
Q

S+S chronic glomerulonephritis (4)

A
  • hematuria
  • proteinuria
  • RBCs, WBCs, and casts in urine
  • increased BUN and creatinine
24
Q

Autoimmune disease—antibodies attack glomerular and

basement membranes

A

goodpasture syndrome

25
Glomerular disease with glomerular crescent formations; loss of renal function in days to weeks
rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
26
causes urinary calculi (3)
- low or high urinary pH - obstruction - infection
27
how to treat urinary calculi (2)
increase hydration | avoid vitamin c and calcium supplements
28
type of urinary calculi: - small - more common in men - can easily get trapped in ureter - most common type
calcium oxalate
29
type of urinary calculi: - mixed stones with struvite or oxalate stones - from alkaline urine or hyperparathyroidism
calcium phosphate
30
type of urinary calculi: - genetic autosomal recessive defect - defective absorption of cystine in GI tract and kidneys - from acidic urine
cystine
31
type of urinary calculi: - more common in women - always associated with UTI - large staghorn type
struvite
32
type of urinary calculi: - predominant in men (high incidence in jewish men) - from acidic urine, gout, or inherited condition
uric acid
33
S+S urinary calculi (4)
- sudden severe pain - flank pain - N/V - fever and chills
34
4 diagnostic studies for urinary calculi
- CT scan - ultrasound - urinalysis - 24 hr urine collection
35
treatment of urinary calculi (5)
- adequate hydration - sodium restriction - dietary changes - may need drugs to correct urine pH - antibiotics and possible surgery for struvite stones
36
procedure for kidney stone: remove stone in bladder
cystoscopy
37
procedure for kidney stone: large stones broken up with | lithotrite (stone crusher)
Cystolitholapaxy
38
procedure for kidney stone: ultrasonic waves break | stones
Cystoscopic lithotripsy
39
complications of procedures to remove kidney stones (3)
- hemorrhage - retained stone fragments - infection
40
what amount of water intake would be recommended for someone with kidney stones
3 L/day
41
what are some dietary changes recommended for someone with kidney stones (3)
- restrict purines - restrict salt intake - limit soda, coffee, and tea
42
Fibrosis or inflammation of urethral lumen leads to narrowing and compromised opening and closing with bladder filling and voiding
urethral stricture
43
manifestation of renal trauma (1)
hematuria
44
diagnostic studies for renal trauma (5)
- urinalysis - ultrasound - CT - MRI - renal arteriogram
45
treatment for renal trauma (4)
- rest - fluids - pain meds - possible surgery to repair or remove
46
- Cortex and medulla filled with thin-walled cysts that destroy surrounding tissue by compression - Cysts are filled with fluid; may have blood or pus
polycystic kidney disease
47
S+S polycystic kidney disease (4)
- hematuria - hypertension - back/side/abdomen pain - UTI/kidney stones
48
2 diagnostic studies for polycystic kidney disease
CT | ultrasound
49
pathophysiology of urinary incontinence (DRIP)
D: delirium, dehydration, depression R: restricted mobility, rectal impaction I: infection, inflammation P: polyuria, polypharmacy
50
most common heathcare associated illness/infection
CAUTI

PathoPharm (42 decks)

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