Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PathoPharm > lewis ch 45 (renal and urologic problems) > Flashcards

lewis ch 45 (renal and urologic problems) Flashcards

1
Q

Amount of blood filtered each minute by the glomeruli

A

GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

functional unit of kidney

A

nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

S+S of lower urinary tract infection (4)

A
  • burning/painful urination
  • constant urge to urinate
  • cloudy urine
  • foul odor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 classifications of lower UTI

A

cystitis

urethritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1 classification of upper UTI

A

pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 contributing factors to UTIs

A

sex

catheter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what 2 bacteria can cause CAUTI

A

pseudomonas

e coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

S+S of upper urinary tract infection (3)

A
  • flank pain (CVA tenderness)
  • chills
  • fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 diagnostic tests to diagnose UTI

A
  • dipstick urinalysis for nitrates, WBCs, and leukocyte esterase
  • urine culture/sensitivity (clean catch)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

systemic infection from urologic source

A

urosepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inflammation of renal parenchyma and collecting system, including renal pelvis

A

pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is one of the most important risk factors for pyelonephritis

A

pregnancy -induced changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

diagnostic studies for pyelonephritis (5)

A
  • urinalysis culture and sensitivity
  • blood cultures
  • ultrasound
  • CT scan (preferred imaging study)
  • decreased kidney function test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Kidneys inflamed; resulting in scarring; loss of renal
function and atrophy
-Result from anatomic abnormalities or recurrent
infections of upper urinary tract

A

chronic pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

diagnostic studies for chronic pyelonephritis (2)

A

radiologic imaging

biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

inflammation of the urethra due to bacterial or viral infection

A

urethritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how do you treat urethritis (2)

A

sitz baths

antimicrobials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

chronic, painful, inflammatory disease of the

bladder; can cause painful bladder syndrome

A

interstitial cystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bladder irritants (4)

A
  • caffeine
  • alcohol
  • some acidic fruits
  • spicy foods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inflammation of the glomeruli

A

glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

S+S acute strep glomerulonephritis (6)

A
  • edema
  • hypertension
  • oliguria
  • hematuria
  • proteinuria
  • smokey urine
22
Q

how to treat acute glomerulonephritis (5)

A
  • rest
  • diuretics
  • restrict salt and fluids
  • restrict proteins
  • antibiotics
23
Q

S+S chronic glomerulonephritis (4)

A
  • hematuria
  • proteinuria
  • RBCs, WBCs, and casts in urine
  • increased BUN and creatinine
24
Q

Autoimmune disease—antibodies attack glomerular and

basement membranes

A

goodpasture syndrome

25
Q

Glomerular disease with glomerular crescent formations; loss of renal function in days to weeks

A

rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis

26
Q

causes urinary calculi (3)

A
  • low or high urinary pH
  • obstruction
  • infection
27
Q

how to treat urinary calculi (2)

A

increase hydration

avoid vitamin c and calcium supplements

28
Q

type of urinary calculi:

  • small
  • more common in men
  • can easily get trapped in ureter
  • most common type
A

calcium oxalate

29
Q

type of urinary calculi:

  • mixed stones with struvite or oxalate stones
  • from alkaline urine or hyperparathyroidism
A

calcium phosphate

30
Q

type of urinary calculi:

  • genetic autosomal recessive defect
  • defective absorption of cystine in GI tract and kidneys
  • from acidic urine
A

cystine

31
Q

type of urinary calculi:

  • more common in women
  • always associated with UTI
  • large staghorn type
A

struvite

32
Q

type of urinary calculi:

  • predominant in men (high incidence in jewish men)
  • from acidic urine, gout, or inherited condition
A

uric acid

33
Q

S+S urinary calculi (4)

A
  • sudden severe pain
  • flank pain
  • N/V
  • fever and chills
34
Q

4 diagnostic studies for urinary calculi

A
  • CT scan
  • ultrasound
  • urinalysis
  • 24 hr urine collection
35
Q

treatment of urinary calculi (5)

A
  • adequate hydration
  • sodium restriction
  • dietary changes
  • may need drugs to correct urine pH
  • antibiotics and possible surgery for struvite stones
36
Q

procedure for kidney stone: remove stone in bladder

A

cystoscopy

37
Q

procedure for kidney stone: large stones broken up with

lithotrite (stone crusher)

A

Cystolitholapaxy

38
Q

procedure for kidney stone: ultrasonic waves break

stones

A

Cystoscopic lithotripsy

39
Q

complications of procedures to remove kidney stones (3)

A
  • hemorrhage
  • retained stone fragments
  • infection
40
Q

what amount of water intake would be recommended for someone with kidney stones

A

3 L/day

41
Q

what are some dietary changes recommended for someone with kidney stones (3)

A
  • restrict purines
  • restrict salt intake
  • limit soda, coffee, and tea
42
Q

Fibrosis or inflammation of urethral lumen leads to narrowing
and compromised opening and closing with bladder filling and
voiding

A

urethral stricture

43
Q

manifestation of renal trauma (1)

A

hematuria

44
Q

diagnostic studies for renal trauma (5)

A
  • urinalysis
  • ultrasound
  • CT
  • MRI
  • renal arteriogram
45
Q

treatment for renal trauma (4)

A
  • rest
  • fluids
  • pain meds
  • possible surgery to repair or remove
46
Q
  • Cortex and medulla filled with thin-walled cysts that destroy surrounding tissue by compression
  • Cysts are filled with fluid; may have blood or pus
A

polycystic kidney disease

47
Q

S+S polycystic kidney disease (4)

A
  • hematuria
  • hypertension
  • back/side/abdomen pain
  • UTI/kidney stones
48
Q

2 diagnostic studies for polycystic kidney disease

A

CT

ultrasound

49
Q

pathophysiology of urinary incontinence (DRIP)

A

D: delirium, dehydration, depression
R: restricted mobility, rectal impaction
I: infection, inflammation
P: polyuria, polypharmacy

50
Q

most common heathcare associated illness/infection

A

CAUTI

PathoPharm (42 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions