Lesson 9, Chapter 4 Flashcards
Antigens
Molecules on a cell’s membrane that identifies the cell.
Immunological response
The response of white blood cells when they recognize that an antigen belongs to a pathogen that needs to be destroyed.
Acquired immunity
Immunity you develop because you have been exposed to a specific pathogen.
Humoral immunity
A type of acquired immunity that involves the production of antibodies by B-cells.
Antibodies
Proteins that are secreted by B-cells and cause the destruction of pathogens.
B-cell
The type of lymphocyte that makes antibodies.
Lymphoblast
A cell which differentiates into plasma B-cells and memory B-cells.
Plasma B-cells
B-cells that make antibodies to fight against pathogens.
Differentiates
Becomes more specialized.
Memory B-cells
B cells that will remember a pathogen if it invades your body again.
Antigen binding site
The site on an antibody that binds to a specific antigen.
Antigen-antibody complex
A complex formed of an antibody bound to an antigen.
Toxin
Poison
Plasma proteins
Proteins found in the blood.
Complement
A group of plasma proteins activated by some antibodies.
Agglutination
The clumping together of pathogens.
Neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages
White blood cells that can phagocytize pathogens.
Cell-mediated immunity
A type of acquired immunity that uses T-cells.
MHC proteins
Substances created by a cell infected with a bacterium or virus.
Effector T-cells
T-cells that destroy infected cells.
Memory T-cells
T-cells that remember a pathogen the next time it invades your body.
Cytotoxic T-cells
Effector T-cells that directly destroy infected cells by puncturing their membranes.
Helper T-cells Effector
T-cells that stimulate the production of B-cells and more cytotoxic T-cells.
Delayed hypersensitivity T-cells
Effector T-cells that stimulate inflammation and attract macrophages.
