Lesson 2, Chapter 1

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

The organelle that acts as the control center of the cell

Question 2

Nuclear envelope

Answer 2

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus

Question 3

Nuclear pores

Answer 3

Small openings in the nuclear envelope that allow substances to pass in and out of the nucleus

Question 4

Chromatin granules

Answer 4

Threads of the nucleic acid DNA which are found in the cell’s nucleus

Question 5

Genes

Answer 5

Sections of DNA molecules that contain the information needed for the cell to make proteins

Question 6

Chromosomes

Answer 6

Thickened strands of threads of DNA

Question 7

Nucleoli

Answer 7

Structures found in the nucleus that contain RNA molecules

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

Everything inside the cell except for the nucleus

Question 9

Ribosomes

Answer 9

Cellular machines that assemble amino acids into proteins

Question 10

Free ribosomes

Answer 10

Ribosomes that are not attached to other organelles

Question 11

Endoplasmic recticulum

Answer 11

A series of tubes within the cell’s cytoplasm

Question 12

Intracellular transport

Answer 12

The movement of materials around the cell

Question 13

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosomes and is involved in the building of lipid and carbohydrate molecules

Question 14

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

Endoplasmic reticulum that is covered with ribosomes and is involved in the building of proteins

Question 15

Golgi apparatus

Answer 15

An organelle that modifies and packages chemicals into structures called vesicles

Question 16

Vesicles

Answer 16

Structures that are pinched off of the Golgi apparatus and contains chemicals that will be released outside the cell or moved to other locations inside the cell

Question 17

Lysosomes

Answer 17

Special types of vesicles that are packed full of digestive enzymes which can break down organic molecules into smaller molecules and digest defective organelles

Question 18

Peroxisomes

Answer 18

Special type of vesicles that digest long fatty acid chains and break down alcohol and hydrogen peroxide

Question 19

Mitochondria

Answer 19

Organelles that are called the powerhouses of the cell because they make ATP molecuels

Question 20

ATP Molecules

Answer 20

Molecules which capture energy from the food that you eat

Question 21

Centrioles

Answer 21

Two tube-like structures that form the centrosome

Question 22

Centrosome

Answer 22

A structure formed by two centrioles that stays near the nucleus until the cell begins the process of cell division

Question 23

Cytoskeleton

Answer 23

Structures made up of three kinds of protein filaments that provide a framework for the cell

Question 24

Flagella

Answer 24

The structure that is only found in male sperm cells which allows sperm to move

Question 25

Cilia

Answer 25

Structures on some cell’s membranes that function to move fluid or other substances past those cells