Lesson 2, Chapter 2

Question 1

Cell membrane

Answer 1

The structure that surrounds a cell

Question 2

Phospholipid molecule

Answer 2

A type of molecule that forms most of the cell’s membrane

Question 3

Polar ends

Answer 3

The ends of phospholipid molecules that have an electrical charge

Question 4

Nonpolar ends

Answer 4

The ends of phospholipd molecules that do not have an electrical charge

Question 5

Channel proteins

Answer 5

Proteins in the cell membrane that form a passageway for certain substances

Question 6

Receptor proteins

Answer 6

Proteins in the cell membrane that allow cells to communicate and respond to each other’s signals

Question 7

Intercellular junctions

Answer 7

Sites on cell membranes where they attach to each other

Question 8

Glycoproteins

Answer 8

Molecules of carbohydrates covalently bound to proteins

Question 9

Glycolipids

Answer 9

Molecules of carbohydrates covalently bound to lipids

Question 10

Desmosomes

Answer 10

Certain cell to cell adhesion sites

Question 11

Cholesterol molecules

Answer 11

Lipid molecules found in the interior of the cell membrane that give it strength

Question 12

Selectively permeable

Answer 12

The quality of membranes that causes them to allow only certain types of materials to enter or leave the cell

Question 13

Passive processes

Answer 13

The movement of substances across the cell membrane without requiring the use of ATP

Question 14

Passive transport

Answer 14

A type of movement across the cell membrane where substances are moved from an area of high concentration of that material to an area of low concentration

Question 15

Diffusion

Answer 15

Another way to describe passive transport

Question 16

Simple diffusion

Answer 16

The movement of molecules directly through the cell membrane, without help from organelles

Question 17

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 17

Diffusion that requires the use of a channel or carrier proteins

Question 18

Channel proteins

Answer 18

Proteins that provide a passageway for molecules to pass through the cell membrane

Question 19

Carrier proteins

Answer 19

Proteins that bind to molecules and carry them through the cell membrane

Question 20

Osmosis

Answer 20

The diffusion of water molecules across a cell membrane

Question 21

Aquaporins

Answer 21

A type of passive process that uses pressure to move substances across a cell membrane

Question 22

Filtration

Answer 22

A type of passive process that uses pressure to move substances across a cell membrane

Question 23

Active processes

Answer 23

Movement of substances across a cell membrane that does require cellular energy in the form of ATP molecules

Question 24

Active transport

Answer 24

A type of active process that allows materials to move from an area of low concentration of that material to an area of high concentration.

Question 25

Endocytosis

Answer 25

The surrounding of material by the cell membrane to pull it inside the cell.

Question 26

Phagocytosis

Answer 26

A type of endocytosis where a solid particle is engulfed and enters the cell.

Question 27

Pinocytosis

Answer 27

A type of endocytosis where liquid is engulfed and enters the cell.

Question 28

Exocytosis

Answer 28

The movement of substances, packaged in vesicles, from inside to outside the cell membrane.

Question 29

Transcytosis

Answer 29

The movement of substances from one cell to another using endocytosis followed by exocytosis.