Lesson 4, Chapter 3 Flashcards
Nerves
A bundle of neurons surrounded by a connective tissue
Neruon
An individual nerve cell
Endoneurium
The connective tissue that surrounds an individual neuron
Fascicles
Bundles of neurons in a nerve
Perineurium
The connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle
Epineurium
The connective tissue that surrounds an entire nerve
Sensory (afferent) neurons
Neurons that send nervous impulses into the central nervous system
Motor (efferent) neurons
Neurons that send nervous impulses to muscles and glands
Dorsal root
A group of sensory neurons that enter the back part of the spinal cord
Ventral root
A group of motor neurons that leave the front part of the spinal cord
Spinal nerve
A nerve, associated with the spinal cord, that contains both sensory and motor neurons
Interneurons
Neurons that stay entirely within the brain and spinal cord
Cell body
The structure in the neuron that contains the neuron’s nucleus and most of its cytoplasm
Dendrites
Projections of the cell body that bring information into the neuron
Axon
A single long projection of a neuron that transmits a nervous impulse
Neurological cells
A general term for cells of the nervous system that aren’t neurons
Schwann cells
Neuroglial cells that surrounds the axons of some neurons
Myelin
A fatty substance that surrounds the axons of some neurons
Nodes of Ranvier
Spaces in an axon that aren’t surrounded by myelin
Oligodendrocytes
Neuroglial cells in the central nervous system that make myelin
Astrocytes
Neuroglial cells in the central nervous system that from the blood-brain barrier
Microglia cells
Neuroglial cells that kill bacteria and viruses in the brain and spinal cord
Ependymal cells
Neuroglia cells that produce and circulate cerebral spinal fluid
Cerebral spinal fluid
A fluid that bathes and cushions the brain and spinal cord
