Lesson 3, Chapter 2 Flashcards
Chromatin granules
Structures in the nucleus that contain DNA molecules
Genes
Sections of DNA threads that contain the instructions to build proteins due to the order of their nucleotides
Double helix
The shape of a DNA molecule consisting of a ladder with sides and rungs
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
The bases that make up the rungs of the DNA molecule.
Deoxyribose
A sugar found in DNA molecules.
A nucleotide
A combination of one base, a phosphate group, and a sugar molecule.
Amino acids
The molecules that form a protein when bound together.
Protein synthesis
The building of a protein molecule by binding amino acids together.
Base pairs in DNA molecules
Adenine and thymine bound together, and cytosine and guanine bound together.
Double nucleotides
Two nucleotides bound together in a DNA molecule.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
A nucleic acid molecule that is created from the order of bases in a section of a DNA molecule (a gene).
Uracil
The base in mRNA molecules that replaces the base adenine, found in DNA molecules.
Transcription
The process of forming an mRNA molecule.
Promoter
A specific base-pair sequence on the DNA molecule that starts transcription.
Terminator
A specific base-pair sequence on the DNA molecule that stops transcription.
Splicing
The process of getting the mRNA in its final form by removing unneeded nucleotides.
Triplet
A group of three bases in the DNA molecule that is associated with a specific amino acid.
Codon
A group of three bases in the mRNA molecule that is associated with a specific amino acid.
Ribosome
The structure that mRNA attaches to
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
An RNA molecule that brings an amino acid over to the ribosome to be used in the protein chain
Anticodon
A group of three nucleotides in the tRNA that is associated with a specific amino acid.
Start codon
The codon on the mRNA molecule (AUG) that codes for the first amino acid in all protein chains.
Methionine
The amino acid that always comes first in a protein chain.
Translation
The process of binding amino acids together to build a protein chain.
