Lesson 3, Chapter 2

Question 1

Chromatin granules

Answer 1

Structures in the nucleus that contain DNA molecules

Question 2

Genes

Answer 2

Sections of DNA threads that contain the instructions to build proteins due to the order of their nucleotides

Question 3

Double helix

Answer 3

The shape of a DNA molecule consisting of a ladder with sides and rungs

Question 4

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine

Answer 4

The bases that make up the rungs of the DNA molecule.

Question 5

Deoxyribose

Answer 5

A sugar found in DNA molecules.

Question 6

A nucleotide

Answer 6

A combination of one base, a phosphate group, and a sugar molecule.

Question 7

Amino acids

Answer 7

The molecules that form a protein when bound together.

Question 8

Protein synthesis

Answer 8

The building of a protein molecule by binding amino acids together.

Question 9

Base pairs in DNA molecules

Answer 9

Adenine and thymine bound together, and cytosine and guanine bound together.

Question 10

Double nucleotides

Answer 10

Two nucleotides bound together in a DNA molecule.

Question 11

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 11

A nucleic acid molecule that is created from the order of bases in a section of a DNA molecule (a gene).

Question 12

Uracil

Answer 12

The base in mRNA molecules that replaces the base adenine, found in DNA molecules.

Question 13

Transcription

Answer 13

The process of forming an mRNA molecule.

Question 14

Promoter

Answer 14

A specific base-pair sequence on the DNA molecule that starts transcription.

Question 15

Terminator

Answer 15

A specific base-pair sequence on the DNA molecule that stops transcription.

Question 16

Splicing

Answer 16

The process of getting the mRNA in its final form by removing unneeded nucleotides.

Question 17

Triplet

Answer 17

A group of three bases in the DNA molecule that is associated with a specific amino acid.

Question 18

Codon

Answer 18

A group of three bases in the mRNA molecule that is associated with a specific amino acid.

Question 19

Ribosome

Answer 19

The structure that mRNA attaches to

Question 20

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 20

An RNA molecule that brings an amino acid over to the ribosome to be used in the protein chain

Question 21

Anticodon

Answer 21

A group of three nucleotides in the tRNA that is associated with a specific amino acid.

Question 22

Start codon

Answer 22

The codon on the mRNA molecule (AUG) that codes for the first amino acid in all protein chains.

Question 23

Methionine

Answer 23

The amino acid that always comes first in a protein chain.

Question 24

Translation

Answer 24

The process of binding amino acids together to build a protein chain.