LESSON 8: D8 - Animal Phyla

Question 1

What two devlopments can animals go through?

Answer 1

Larval or embroyonic devlopment

Question 2

LARVAL DEVELOPMENT
(METAMORPHOSIS)

Answer 2

Means that the young look very different from the adult

Question 3

EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

Answer 3

This type of development means that the young version is a mini-version of the adult

Question 4

TWO BIG GROUPS

Answer 4

Invertebrates and Vertebrates

Question 5

Invertebrates

Answer 5

-They have no backbone
-There are 7 phyla

Question 6

Vertebrates

Answer 6

(The Chordata phyla)
-They have a backbone

Question 7

What are Protostomes and deuterostomes used for?

Answer 7

used to categorize members of major taxonomic groups of animals by how they develop as embryos

Question 8

Protostomes

Answer 8

-The first opening of the organism becomes -the mouth
-Simple organisms
-Arthropods
-Flatworms
-Annelids

Question 9

Deuterostomes

Answer 9

-The first opening of the organism becomes -the anus (the mouth develops later)
-Complex organisms
-Humans
-Tigers
-Monkey

Question 10

7 phyla for Invertebrates are?

Answer 10

1. Porifera (sponges)
2. Cnidaria (jellyfish)
3. Platyhelminthes (flat worms and round worms)
4. Annelida (segmented worms)
5. Mollusca (clams, mussels, snails,
6. Arthropoda (crabs, lobster, insects, spiders)
7. Echinodermata (Sea Urchin, Sand Dollar)

Question 11

PORIFERA
(Sponge)

Answer 11

• Have no definite shape – asymmetrical;
  -No tissues or organs
  -Colony of specialized cells (they are dependent on these specialized cells in order to perform specific functions in their bodies - since they do not have organs!!)
  -Immobile
  -Good powers of regeneration (parts or whole body)
  -Skeleton of sponging (modified collagen) and spicules (hard crystal material)

Question 12

CNIDARIAN

Answer 12

• Jellyfish, corals, anemones
• Radial symmetry (can be divided at any point into 2 matching halves)
• Primitive nerve net but no brain (very primitive/simplistic nervous system)
• 2-way digestive tract (a single opening that serves as both the mouth and anus, very simple digestive cavity that acts as both the stomach and intestine)
  -Stinging cells for capturing food.

Question 13

PLATYHELMINTHES

Answer 13

-First animals to exhibit bilateral symmetry (right and left sides are mirror images of one another)
-primitive brain
-3 tissue layers (endoderm, mesoderm, & ectoderm)
-Includes free-living flatworms and parasitic flatworms (tapeworms, flukes)

Question 14

ANNELIDA

Answer 14

-Earthworms, sandworms, leeches
-Slightly more complex body plan, have many segments (like many rings joined together)
-Complete one-way digestive system/tract with mouth and anus
-Have well-developed digestive and circulatory systems (i.e. closed circulatory system - blood is limited to vessels)

Question 15

MOLLUSKS

Answer 15

-includes: snails, slugs, nudibranchs, chitons, limpets, clams, oysters, squid, octopus, nautilus, etc.
-Either have no shell, one shell, or two shells
-Contain a mass of soft flesh that covers the soft body and encloses internal organs
-Many have hard mouth parts used for feeding (radula in gastropods, beak in cephalopods).

Question 16

ARTHROPODS

Answer 16

-Includes: insects, crustaceans, centipedes, millipedes, and arachnids (spiders)
-exoskeleton made of chitin (polysaccharide)
-must shed their exoskeletons in order to grow (they can develop a new exoskeleton once larger)

Question 17

ECHINODERMS

Answer 17

-Includes: sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, and crinoids
-radial in adults / bilateral in larvae
-tube feet and water vascular system (Tube feet are used to pass food to the oral mouth at the centre and can also attach to surfaces. Water vascular syhstem helps them move around)
-Most exhibit pentamerism (consisting of 5 parts)

Question 18

How many classes of VERTEBRATES?

Answer 18

5 classes

-Class Fish
-Class Amphibia
-Class Reptilia
-Class Aves (birds)
-Class Mammalia