LESSON 2: A2- Metabolism Flashcards
metabolism
the set of chemical reactions
that occur in living organisms that are
necessary to maintain life
What is the metabolism made up of?
Catabolic and anabolic reactions
catabolism
the metabolic reactions
that break down larger molecules into
smaller subunits
anabolism
the metabolic reactions that
use energy to produce larger molecules
from smaller subunits
chemical energy is stored in…
-cells and is released when needed
What do cells in body use chemical energy for?
-fuel biological processes and physcial activites
Endothermtic (warm-blodded) animals
Endothermic animals like mammals and birds have higher energy demands because they use a great deal of energy to keep their bodies warm
Ectothermic
animals like reptiles on the other hand do not have this energy demand so can survive on much less energy intake
factors that affect how much energy you require
-size
-physical acitivity
-sex
-age
- genes
How does the thyroid play a role in our metabolisms?
-thyroid makes sure cells are functioning
-organ is made from lobules that contain samller cells called folicules
- Folecules store hormes the thyroid sends into blood
-T4 and T3 are messengar hormones that instruct cells when to consume oxygen and nuitrents which matains the matabolism
-The series of reaction our cells preform to provide bodies with energy
-hormonal notification makes heart pump feectively and makes cells break down nuitents fast
- when more enrgy is needed the thyroid sends out hormones to incrtease metabolism
-thyroid allows for cells to gorw, use energy and reproduce
Diseases that affect the metabolism
Hyperthyroidism:
-too many hormones are sent out and overconsumption of nuitrents and O2 occur causing a very fast metabolism
Hypothrodism:
-Too few hormones are sent out, not enough messengars to guide which causes a slow metabloism
Energy is burned in…
Jouels
-We usually use kilojoules
Food is measured in
Calories
basal metabolic rate
the minimum
amount of energy required to keep
you alive
To have a healthy lifestyle, you need to maintain a balance between…
-What you are eating
-How much you are eating
-How much physical activity you are participating in
Calories are a way to…
A way of keeping track of the body’s energy budget
When we burn off more energy then we replenish we…
lose weight
When we burn off less energy then we replinsh our bodies…
-The energy that is excess will be stored as fat which causes weight increase
1 calorie is really the amount of energy…
required to raise 1 gram of water by 1 °C
The amount of calories in foods show…
-How much energy is stored in its chemical bonds
Energy is relased during digestion and stored in molecules, what are the three ways its used?
-digestion
-physicla activity
-Basic functions of organs and tissues (BMR)
Calorie counts on nutrion labels shows consumers what?
- How much energy is contained in the food
TRUE OR FALSE: Not all people get the same amoutn of calories from food
TRUE
-enzymes levels, gut bacteria and intestine length
Eating disorders
-Bulimia
-Anorexia
-Bulimia
