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GRADE 11 BIOLOGY > FLASHCARDS FOR BACTERIA LAB+ CLASSIFYING BACTERIA AND BACTERIAL REPRODUCTION > Flashcards

FLASHCARDS FOR BACTERIA LAB+ CLASSIFYING BACTERIA AND BACTERIAL REPRODUCTION

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1
Q

Characteristics of kingdom Bacteria

A

-Single-celled
-Prokaryotic
-Cell wall made of peptidoglycan
-Cell membrane
Cytoplasma
-Single looped chromosome
-Ribosomes

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2
Q

Where is the single looped chromosome found?

A

In the nucleoid

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3
Q

How do bacteria get around?

A

-Pili
-Flagella

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4
Q

Plasmids

A

Found in cytoplasma
-Small loop of extra genes
-not important but can be helpful

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5
Q

What does the sticky capsule of bacteria do?

A

-Prevents water loss
-Resists temperatures
-Keeps out anti-biotic virus

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6
Q

How many seperate groups does Eubacteria (Bacteria) have and how many are important?

A

It has more than 12 seperate groups amd 6 are considrd important

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7
Q

Round shaped bacteria name?

A

Coccus

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8
Q

Rod shaped bacteria name?

A

Bacillus

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9
Q

Spiral shaped bacteria name?

A

Spirilla

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10
Q

Bacteria that comes in pairs are called?

A

Diplo

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11
Q

Bacteria in chains are called?

A

Strepto

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12
Q

Bacteria in clusters are called?

A

Staphilo

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Some bacteria are autotrophs and some hetrotrophs?

A

TRUE

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14
Q

What process do bacteria go through in order to multiply?

A

Binary fissions

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15
Q

Why is it important to finish off anti-biotics that have been prescribed for a certain duration of use?

A
  • One can become anti-botic resistant
  • Remaing bacteria will remember the medication and fight it off

-If the illness was to occur aagain then it wouldn’t work agaisnt the illness

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16
Q

What do Marcophage do in our immune system?

A
  • They swallow bacteria and trap it in its membrane

-Bacteria is broken down by enzyems and is killed

-Cause inflimation so that fighting off the infection is easier

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17
Q

What Neutrophils do in our immune system?

A
  • Come into play when Marcophage is in distress

-Very reckless and kill eveything, including healhty cells

  • Generate barriers that kill and trap bacteria

-Kill themselves after a while

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18
Q

What does the Dendritic cell do for our immune system?

A

Takes parts of the intruder and presents parts on outer layer

-From there decides if it wants anti-virus forces or bacteria forces (we will use bacteria in this example)

19
Q

What do Anit-bacterial cells do in the immune system?

A

-Anti bacterial cells move to lymp nodes

-Helper T cells are activated and find a match with the dendrtitic cells outer kayer parts, helper T cells then duplicate , some become memory T cells

20
Q

What do B cells do in the immune system?

A
  • Replicate rapdily and work hard to fight agaisnt bacteria
  • Die from exhsuation
  • B cells produce anti-bodies which bind to the surface of the intruder
21
Q

What is E.coli

A
  • There are harmless strains that are found in our guts

-Harmful strains can cause infections, serious urinary probelms which can be caused by food poisoing

22
Q

What is Shigella dysenteriae?

A
  • Stomach ache
  • High contaigous

-fever,cramps, diarrehea

23
Q

What are the two ways bacteria can reproduce?

A

Sexually and asexually

24
Q

Where does bacteria thrive most?

A

Moist enviroments

25
Q

Binary Fissions

A
  • When a cell repoduces asexually
  • One parent is involved
    -off-spring is identical ro parents and each other
26
Q

Advantages of Binary fission?

A

-Simple: Only one parent needd
-Off-spring is fully formed (no maturation needed)
-Very fast

27
Q

Disadvantages of Binary Fissions?

A

-no genetic variety (DNA is identical to parent)
-one unfavourable environmental condition can wipe out whole population

28
Q

What are the steps to binary fission?

A

-Bacteria chromosome is attached to plasma

  • Replication starts in 2 directions from some point in the bacteria chromosome

-DNA copy is attached at a membrane site near the attachment site of the DNA molecule

-New membrane and new wall material added transversly through cells midsection

-The ongoing oderly deposition of the membrane and wall at the midsection cuts in two

29
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

-Two parents involved
-offspring are gentically different to each other

30
Q

Advantages of Sexual reproduction

A
  • Gentic variety i.e. some are able to adapt to unfavorbale condtions (ex:anti-biotic resistance)
31
Q

Disadvantages of Sexual reproduction

A
  1. More complex: slower because must find a compatible partner
  2. No new individuals produced (i.e no increases in population)
32
Q

Explain steps to bacterial conjugation

A

-First you start of a donor cell (F+) and a recipent cell (F-)

-Plasmid copies itself

-Passes through pili (created by donor with cytoplasma) into the recipent cell

-Cells seperate with both cells containg plasmids

33
Q

Can bacterial conjugation occur between different speices of cells?

A

Yes

(Can work with same and different speices of cells.)

34
Q

Factors that affect bacteria growth

A

-Temperature
-Nuitrents
-Oxygen availabilty
-Salt concentration
-pH

35
Q

Ways the classify bacteria

A

1) if they cause disease
2) gram positive or gram negative
3) shape
4) configuration
5) oxygen requirements
6) nutrition

36
Q

1) if they cause disease

A

Pathogenic and non-pathogenic

37
Q

2) Gram Positive

A

-stain purple
-Cell wall contains peptidoglycan (protein)

38
Q

2) Gram Negative

A

-stain pink
-cell wall does not contain peptidoglyca

39
Q

3) Shape

A

-Coccus
-Bacillus
-Spirilla

40
Q

4) Configuration

A

after division, many bacteria stay together in groups called colonies

-Diplo
-Strepto
-Staphilo

41
Q

5.) oxygen requirements

A

aerobes
-need lots of O2

-anaerobes
cannot survive in the presence of O2

42
Q

6) Nutrition

A

-can be autotrophic, heterotrophic, photosynthetic or chemosynthetic

43
Q
A

GRADE 11 BIOLOGY (43 decks)

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