LESSON 6: A6- Respiratory Illness and Technologies

Question 1

a chronic respiratory disease which causes inflammation and swelling of the bronchi and bronchioles that then obstructs the airblow

Answer 1

Asthma

Question 2

What dos asthma make an excess amiunt of?

Answer 2

The inflammation makes overproduction of sticky mucus

Question 3

Influenza

Answer 3

Commonly known as the flu
It can impact the whole body, or confine to the lungs
Symptoms can include fever, dry cough, sore throat, runny nose, and muscle/joint pain
Usually treated with antiviral drugs

Question 4

Pneumonia

Answer 4

Infection of lungs, caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi
Inflames the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli linings
5% fatality rate, otherwise can be treated with medication
Slows down gas exchange by filling alveoli with pus and mucus

Question 5

Tuberculosis

Answer 5

• Bacterial infection, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Symptoms include coughing, chest pain, weight loss, etc.
• Mostly impacts lungs, but can move through the nervous system, bones, joints, spine and other parts of the body.

Question 6

COPD

Answer 6

-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

• Cause by smoking, pollution, dust, or fumes
• Genetic disorder can cause emphysema
• Symptoms: coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath
• Bronchioles will be irritated and inflamed, and will produce excess mucus, reducing airflow into the lungs
• then emphysema section will cause permanent damage to the alveoli, the walls will be damaged.destroyed and loss their elasticity and shape, causing surface area to be reduced, will cause CO2 to go up
• NO CURE, worsens over time: medication, proper management and lifestyle change can help

Question 7

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 7

• Hereditary disorder
• Caused by an improperly functioning gene (gene that influences mucus production)

-Causes respiratory system to produce thick & sticky mucus

Creates an ideal environment for bacteria & fungi to grow in

Reduces air flow within the lungs
Makes person affected more susceptible to lung infections

Symptoms: persistent cough, excess mucus
Affects digestive system

The thick mucus within pancreas prevents it from secreting digestive enzymes

Question 8

List some effects of smoking

Answer 8

Nicotine also negatively affects their nervous system. It blocks chemical which do the job of sending signals around the body

Tar buildup in aleviol which prevents gas exchange from happening

Tar can also cause the cilia on the cells lining of the cells that line the bronchi to become inactive

Smoke contains many harmful carcinogens which can cause mutations which can lead the lung cancer.

Question 9

Lung transplants

Answer 9

• Used for treatment for disease like COPD and cystic fibrosis failure
• USED FOR LIFE-OR-DEATH

LUNG TRANSPLANT: surgical procedure of replacing the diseased lung with part of all of a whole healthy lung from donor

Surgery risk: medication reactions, bleeding, infection, bloods clots.

• Medication risk: breathing problems, damage to other organs

Question 10

Artifical lungs

Answer 10

iLA Membrane Ventilator connected to patient

External artificial lung system

Removes carbon dioxide from blood

Can be used when patient has pulmonary hypertension

Increased pressure in blood vessels of lung
Device reduces pressure in pulmonary artery

Blood flows through device -> carbon dioxide diffuses from blood (into hollow-fibre membrane -> acts as artificial alveoli)

Question 11

News techonolgies: FLAP Inhibitors

Answer 11

-Inflammatory diseases are diseases that develop symptoms from inflamed lining in the respiratory system
Specialized cells in the immune system can detect infections and release chemicals, with proteins called FLAP.
A drug was developed (FLAP inhibitors) that bind to the FLAP protein and prevent further production of chemicals that cause inflammation.

Question 12

News techonolgies:Bronchial Thermoplasty

Answer 12

During asthma attacks, bronchiole muscles contract and decrease diameter in airways, restricting the lung’s airflow.

However, bronchial thermoplasty is able to reduce thickness of the muscles that surround bronchioles

Therefore, there are less constricts of the airways when your muscles contract.
Thermoplasty uses thermal energy to heat the muscles and use a bronchoscope to aid the process. .