G9 - DNA Flashcards
What can mutations cause a gene to do?
Make protiens in a different way, different job, do nothing or create protines at a later time in life.
TRUE OR FLASE: Muatations do not change shape of protiens which can change the protiens job
FALSE
If you have similar features to your parents this is because you…
have inherited those traits
We now know that genes, carried on chromosomes in the form of DNA, are inherited and are responsible for our phenotypic characteristics
Who isolated a compound found in the nucleus of cell and named it nuclein?
Friedrich Miescher
who verified that genetic material was contained in the nucleus
Joachim Hammerling verified that genetic material was contained in the nucleus
-noted that in a single-celled algae called Acetabularia, the cell would only regrow if the nucleus was still present
From this, he determined that the nucleus must contain the genetic material
who proved Hammerlings hypothesis?
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
They did so by showing that viruses only need to inject their DNA into a cell to take over their organelle to produce more virus
This proved that DNA was the hereditary material
who discoverd 3 main components of DNA
Phoebus Levene
A pentose sugar (5 carbon cyclical sugar)
A phosphate group with a negative charge
A nitrogenous base
These components together are called a nucleotide
What does DNA tell amino acids to do?
how to form thermselves into proper shapes
how do we get DNA to interacr with cytoplasma and convert amino acids into portiens
-make copies of DNA in nucules to make RNA
-shape of RNA allows it leave out cytoplasma into ribosomes
- Ribosomes build protiens, Read RNA code 3 leeter at a time
DNA –> RNA –> makes protiens –> protiens form life
4 possible nitrogenous bases that make up the nucleotides of DNA
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
who dicovered key relationship about the nitrogenous bases
Charguff
The amount of Adenine =
The amount of Thymine
The amount of Guanine =
The amount of Cytosine
who REALLY discovered shape of DNA
Rosalind Franklin
she discovered that the DNA molecules must have a helix, or corkscrew, shape through X-ray crystallography
Who stole Rosalind Franklins credit
James Watson and Francis Crick met with Wilkins and saw the x-ray diffractions taken by Wilkins and Franklin
From this image as well as other chemical information they knew about DNA, they built a model
From this, they determined DNA had the double helix shape
