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grade 11 biology > A10-Blood Pressure and Heartbeat > Flashcards

A10-Blood Pressure and Heartbeat Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

A complete heartbeat is called a…

A

cardiac cycle

-This involves a full contraction and relaxation of each chamber of the heart

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2
Q

The cardiac cycle is usually divided into two basic phases

A

diastole and systole phase

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3
Q

disastole phase

A

when the heart is relaxed and filling with blood

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4
Q

systole phase

A

when the heart contracts and is emptying

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5
Q

The cardiac cycle: Diastole begins when…

A

Relaxed atria fill with blood

-As it fills, pressure pushes the atrioventricular valves open abd blood begins to fill relaxed ventricle

-Atria folls and musculars wall of atria contact and ventricles completely fill with blood they contract

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6
Q

The cqardiac cycle: This ________ of ventricles marks the start of systole phase

A

Contraction

  • Increasing pressure forces the atrioventriclular valves shut, pushing blood through the semilunar valves and into arteries
  • Valves relac and volume in ventricles increases

-Pressure in ventricles decreases

-Blood is prevented from re-entering ventricles by closing of semilunar valve

-

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7
Q

“lubb-DUBB” of the heartbeat is actually caused by the…

A

opening and closing of heart valves

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8
Q

The “lubb” occurs when….

A

the atrioventricular valves close and the ventricles begin to contract

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9
Q

The “DUBB” occurs when…

A

ventricles relax and the semilunar valves snap shut

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10
Q

Instrument used to listent to heart

A

stethoscope

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11
Q

If the heartbeat sounds are not normal this may be a sign of a

A

leaking valve, known as a heart murmur

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12
Q

What heart muscle has the ability to contract and relax on its own without stimulation of nerves?

A

myogenic muscle

-This is why someone with a damaged nervous system may still have a beating heart

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13
Q

The contraction that initiates the heartbeat is from a cluster/group of cells in the right atrium called the….

A

sinoatrial (SA) node

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14
Q

What does the SA nodes do speficially?

A

cells sends an electrical signal which causes the atria to contract

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15
Q

SA Node acts as a…

A

pacemaker

  • its signals are responsible for setting a normal rhythm of the heartbeat
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16
Q

The electrical signal then propagates (i.e. “spreads”) to a group of cells in the between the right atrium and ventricle called the

A

atrioventricular (AV) node

17
Q

What does AV node do spefically?

A

This cluster of cells sends an electrical signal through special conductive fibers called purkinje fibers
This signal is passed down the septum and causes the ventricles to contract

18
Q

The control of heart rythm steps:

A
  1. Artriole systole begins
  • Artrial contractions forces blood into ventricles
  • P-wave

2.Ventricular systole (first phase)

-Ventricular contractions pushes AV valves closed

  • QRS Complex
  1. Ventricular systole (2nd phase)

-semilunar valves open and blood is ejected

  • T-wave

4.Ventricular diastole (early)

-semilunar valves closed and blood flows into atria

  1. Ventricular disastole (late)

-Chambers relax and blood fills ventricles passively

19
Q

The heart is ____ stimulated

A

Electrically

20
Q

The heart can be observed by the….

A

measuring length and strength of electrical signals

21
Q

The tool used to obsrve the heart is called…

A

electrocardiograph (EGC)

-If there is an abnormality in the heart, an ECG can provide doctors with information

22
Q

Blood is always….

A

under pressure in the blood vessels because of the contractions from your heart

23
Q

When does pressure in the heart increase?

A

Pressure increases when your heart is contracting and decreases when your heart relaxes

24
Q

The pressure your blood exerts on the ____ of the circulatory system is what we call blood pressure

A

walls

25
Q

If the amount of blood increases, so does the….

A

force on the walls of the blood vessels and therefore so does the pressure

-Too much pressure on the vessels can lead to serious health risks

26
Q

Blood pressure is measured using a….

A

sphygmomanometer

The unit of measurement for blood pressure is millimetres of mercury (mm Hg)

27
Q

What are the 2 things the sphygmomanometer measure?

A

-systolic pressure ( when your heart is contracting)

  • diastolic pressure (when your heart is relaxed)
28
Q

normal blood pressure of a healthy young adult should read around

A

120/80

Systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg
Diastolic pressure of 80 mm Hg

29
Q

ECG Pattern for normal heartbeat:

A
  • Starts with an electrical sitmulis from the SA node
  • Stimuls spreads and causes contractions of atria creating P wave on ECG
  • Signals travel to AV node,w hich causes delqy in transmissipn signal
  • QRS complex follows, while electrical stimulus moves via puninke fibers to the tip of the ventricle

-Contraction of ventricles starts the the top of the heart and spreads supwards, rpodcuing squeezing action that forces blood out into aorta and pulmonary arteries

-Slight delay after QURS complex because ventricles recover and prepare for next contraction. This porduces T wave

30
Q

Low blood pressure

A

Systolic: less than 90

Diastolic: less then 60

31
Q

High blood pressure (stage 1)

A

Systolic: 159

Diastolic: 99

32
Q

prehypertension

A

Systolic: 139

Diastolic: 99

33
Q

High blood pressure stage 2

A

Systolic: 160+

Diastolic: 100+

34
Q

Crisis blood pressure

A

Systolic: 180+

Diastolic: 110+

35
Q

Systole is the highest….

A

Blood pressure level.

-Conteatcs to force blood through arteries

36
Q

Diastolic is the…

A

lowest pressure

37
Q

Elastic fibers help with…

A

factors that affect blood pressure along blood vessels to be elastic

38
Q

Factors that affect blood pressure

A

-Blood thickness

-High salt diet: salt promotes waster retention and high blood pressure

-Stress: releases hormone which increases resistance

grade 11 biology (43 decks)

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