LESSON 2: G2 - Asexual Reproduction

Question 1

How does cell divsion occur?

Answer 1

almost always occurs via cell division, or mitosis

Question 2

Methods of asexual reproduction?

Answer 2

-Budding (new individual develops from an outgrowth on the body of an organism)

-Fragmentation (Piece of parent organism developes into mature indivdual)

• Mitosis

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE: Mitosis makes sperm and egg cells

Answer 3

FALSE

Question 4

Steps in mitosis

Answer 4

Interphase/ Growth phase (G1, S, G2)

• Prophase
  -Metaphase
  -Anaphase
  -Telophase

Cyotokensis

Question 5

Interphase/ Growth phase

Answer 5

Most of the cell’s life is spent in this stage

Cell grows to nearly twice in size
Nucleus makes a copy of its DNA
Organelles are also replicated

Question 6

G1

Answer 6

-G1 phase is a cell growth phase

Question 7

S phase

Answer 7

-S phase is DNA replication/synthesis

Question 8

G2 phase

Answer 8

-G2 phase is another cell growth phase

Question 9

Prophase

Answer 9

• Chromatin (DNA) condenses into chromosomes
• Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell
• Spindle fibers form from the centrioles
  Nuclear membrane dissolves

Question 10

Metaphase

Answer 10

• Spindle fibers attach to centromeres
• Chromosomes align along the equatorial plate

-Equatorial plate is like the equator of the cell

Question 11

Anaphase

Answer 11

Spindle fibers shorten

Centromere splits and pulls chromatids to opposite ends of the cell

Question 12

Telophase

Answer 12

-Chromosomes relax into chromatin

-Nuclear membrane reappears
–>Two new nuclei are formed

-Spindle fibers disappear

Question 13

Cytokinesis

Answer 13

Not a true part of mitosis
During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides

In animal cells, cleavage furrows are formed.

In plant cells, cell plates are formed

Question 14

Mitotic spindles:

Answer 14

spindle fibres

Question 15

Kinetochore

Answer 15

protein over centromere that spindle fibres attach to

Question 16

Kinetochore microtubule:

Answer 16

spindle fibres attached to kinetochore

Question 17

How does cyotokensis work with plant cells?

Answer 17

A cell plate is formed in the middle of the cell

Question 18

After interphase how many chromosomes and chromatids do we have?

Answer 18

• 46 chromosomes

-92 chromatids

Question 19

Pros of cloning

Answer 19

Mass production or increased yield through selective cloning of high-quality livestock and crops

Use to reproduce endangered species when captive breeding is not enough

Question 20

Cons of cloning

Answer 20

It may result in genetically vulnerable species (i.e. more susceptible to diseases, mutations, etc.)

Many people feel it is unnatural or unethical