LESSON 2: G2 - Asexual Reproduction Flashcards
How does cell divsion occur?
almost always occurs via cell division, or mitosis
Methods of asexual reproduction?
-Budding (new individual develops from an outgrowth on the body of an organism)
-Fragmentation (Piece of parent organism developes into mature indivdual)
- Mitosis
TRUE OR FALSE: Mitosis makes sperm and egg cells
FALSE
Steps in mitosis
Interphase/ Growth phase (G1, S, G2)
- Prophase
-Metaphase
-Anaphase
-Telophase
Cyotokensis
Interphase/ Growth phase
Most of the cell’s life is spent in this stage
Cell grows to nearly twice in size
Nucleus makes a copy of its DNA
Organelles are also replicated
G1
-G1 phase is a cell growth phase
S phase
-S phase is DNA replication/synthesis
G2 phase
-G2 phase is another cell growth phase
Prophase
- Chromatin (DNA) condenses into chromosomes
- Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell
- Spindle fibers form from the centrioles
Nuclear membrane dissolves
Metaphase
- Spindle fibers attach to centromeres
- Chromosomes align along the equatorial plate
-Equatorial plate is like the equator of the cell
Anaphase
Spindle fibers shorten
Centromere splits and pulls chromatids to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase
-Chromosomes relax into chromatin
-Nuclear membrane reappears
–>Two new nuclei are formed
-Spindle fibers disappear
Cytokinesis
Not a true part of mitosis
During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides
In animal cells, cleavage furrows are formed.
In plant cells, cell plates are formed
Mitotic spindles:
spindle fibres
Kinetochore
protein over centromere that spindle fibres attach to
Kinetochore microtubule:
spindle fibres attached to kinetochore
How does cyotokensis work with plant cells?
A cell plate is formed in the middle of the cell
After interphase how many chromosomes and chromatids do we have?
- 46 chromosomes
-92 chromatids
Pros of cloning
Mass production or increased yield through selective cloning of high-quality livestock and crops
Use to reproduce endangered species when captive breeding is not enough
Cons of cloning
It may result in genetically vulnerable species (i.e. more susceptible to diseases, mutations, etc.)
Many people feel it is unnatural or unethical
