Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GRADE 11 BIOLOGY > LESSON 3: A3- Human Digestion > Flashcards

LESSON 3: A3- Human Digestion Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Humans have a complete digestive system

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The tube our food is digested through is called

A

the gastrointestinal tract, or GI tract for short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the GI tracts purpose:

A

ingest, digest, absorb, and egest our food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What digestion occurs in your mouth?

A

Chemical and physical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Physical digestion in mouth

A

broken down physically by your teeth by tearing and cutting with your incisors and canines and by grinding and crushing with your molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chemical digestion in mouth

A

broken down chemically with your saliva which contains enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Molars and premolars

A

Molars: teeth at back

Premolars: infront of molers

-grinding and crushing foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Canines and incisors

A

Canines: sharp teeth (think dogs)

Incisors: front teeth

-Job is to grab food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the moist ball of food called?

A

bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of salivia

A

Helps digest foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Amylase

A
  • Found in saliva
    Amylase is an enzyme which breaks down complex carbohydrates into smaller disaccharides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What function does mucus serve in saliva?

A

s a protective lubricant which helps you swallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is food pushed into after swallowing?

A
  • pushed into the pharynx and your soft palate is raised to prevent food entering your nasal passage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens at the same time during swalloing

A

At the same time the epiglottis covers the entrance to your trachea, called the glottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This process of taking food into the body by swallowing is called

A

ingestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Enzyme

A

any chemical produced
by cells that facilitates biochemical
reactions in the body, such as
those involved in digestion and
metabolism; all enzymes are
proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Once food is swallowed, it moves into the stomach through the…

A

esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does food move through the esophagus

A

stretched by the food, wave-like muscle contractions called peristalsis push the food downwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The food enters the stomach through a circular piece of muscle called the…

A

gastroesophageal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

peristalsis

A

the rhythmic, involuntary
wave-like contractions of the smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When does food enter the stomach?

A

When the gastrointenal sphincter relaxes, food can enter the J-shaped muscular organ called the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is food mixed with gastric jucies called?

A

chyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does chyme exit from the stomach?

A

pyloric sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Lipids and carbohydrates are not digestable in the stomach

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What digestion does your stomach go through?

A

Chemical and physcial

26
Q

Physcial digestion in stomach:

A

The muscle in the stomach churns and physically breaks down your food

27
Q

Chemical digestion in stomach

A

Digestive enzymes, like pepsin which breaks down proteins, chemically digests your food

28
Q

What is the hormone that breaks down food?

A

Gastrin

-makes the stomach release hydrochlorich acid and pepsins to break down food

29
Q

pepsin

A

a protein-digesting enzyme
produced in the stomach

30
Q

4 layers of the stomach

A

Intermost layer

Submucosa

Muscular

Serosa

31
Q

Intermost layer

A
  • Folded layer called mucosa
    -Aecretes gastric juices
    -Epithelial cells divide rapidly
32
Q

Submucosa

A

-connective tissue
-Contains network of nerves

33
Q

Muscularis

A

-smooth muscle
-mscles are constantly churning and mixing food with gastric jucies to produce a semi liquids called chyme

34
Q

Serosa

A

-smooth
-outermost layer
-holds stomach in place and secretes lubricating fluid yjay eliminates friction between organs

35
Q

Where does most digestion occur?

A

Small intestine

36
Q

What does the small intestine digest?

A

lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins

37
Q

The three sections of the small intestine

A

-duodenum
-jejunum
-ileum

38
Q

ileum

A

where most of the nutrients are absorbed

39
Q

jejunum

A

where digestion continues and some nutrients are absorbed

40
Q

duodenum

A

where most enzymes are added

41
Q

The inner surface of the small intestine is folded into many

A

finger-like projections

42
Q

What are the finger-like projections called?

A

Villi.

-Each villus has capalaeries on it
-Each villus is covered with microvili
-These increase surface area in small intestine

43
Q

The nutrients enter the bloodstream (i.e. are absorbed) through …

A

capillary beds in the villi

44
Q

Types of passive transport

A

-Osmosis (High to low concentration)

-Dialysis (High to low concentration)

-Faciliated diffusion (High to low concentration graident but it happens with a carraer protein, which is like a door, allowing easy access to the cell memebrane)

45
Q

Passive transport

A

Movment of materials across cell memebrane without using ATP

46
Q

Active transport

A
  • Material moved from low concentration to high conentration through a memebrane

-protien carrier is used

-ATP is used

47
Q

What joins the large intestine and small intestine together?

A

cecum

48
Q

The colon is the…

A

longest part of the large intestine

49
Q

What are the 4 parts of the colon?

A

the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon

50
Q

What is the last 20cm of the thelarge intestine called?

A

the rectum

51
Q

the rectum

A

holds the feces until it can be eliminated, or egested, through the anus

52
Q

Why do humans pass gas?

A

-it is produced in our intestines and occurs when our intestines cannot digest certain foods

53
Q

Large intestine plays a role in absorption of…

A

-Water
-Ions
-Vitamins

54
Q

Our large intestine houses…

A

Many bacteria

-some are helpful bacteria such as e.coli
-Bacteria produce vitamins K and B

55
Q

Egestion

A

the removal of waste food materials from the body

-These would include materials like cellulose and fiber (i.e. indigestible materials), which are important as they give us a full feeling for a longer time and reduce overeating

56
Q

How does Egestion work?

A

-Nerves in the large intestine detect the movement of food in the rectum and tells us to eject the food by a bowel movement

57
Q

Microbes

A

-Microbes live in our intestins and carry out many different functions

58
Q

End of cecum is

A

Apendix

59
Q

What does bile do?

A

Bile turns hydrophobic fats and turns it into fatty acids

60
Q

The beggning of the small intestine is…

A

duodenum

GRADE 11 BIOLOGY (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions