LESSON 4: D4 - Prokaryotes Flashcards
What Domians that hold organisims are made up of prokaryotic cells?
Domain Bacteria and Archaea
Do Prokaryotes have membrane bound organelles?
No
What are the similarites of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
-Have DNA
-Have ribosomes
-Have cytoplasma
-Have cell membrane
What are the differences of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
-More complex (Eukaryotes)
- Eukaryotes are larger
-Eukaryotes have a nucules
-Prokaryotes have a cell wall
Can prokaryotes live anywhere?
Yes
Why are porkaryotes hard to collect?
Because of the extreme enviroments they live in
Why are Prokaryotes important?
-Involved in nutirent cycling
-Production of vitamins
-Commerical uses (i.e yougurts, cheese, anti-bodies)
How many seperate groups does Eubacteria (Bacteria) have and how many are important?
It has more than 12 seperate groups amd 6 are considrd important
What are the general charcters of Bacteria?
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane
-Cytoplasma
-Ribosomes
-Often has a pili or flagelle for movment (looks like a tail)
-Single looped
chromosome(found in the nucleoid)
What is often found in the cytoplasma of bacteria?
Plasmids
What are plasmids?
- small loop of DNA with additonal genes
- Not essential genes but can be helpful
TRUE OR FALSE
Sometimes bacteria can be surrounded by a sticy capsule (barrier)
TRUE
(Helps prevent water loss, resist temperatures and keep out antibiotic viruses)
Round shaped bacteria name?
Coccus
Rod shaped bacteria name?
Bacillus
Spiral shaped bacteria name?
Spirilla
Bacteria that comes in pairs are called?
Diplo
Bacteria in chains are called?
Strepto
Bacteria in clusters are called?
Staphilo
TRUE OR FALSE
Some bacteria are autotrophs and some hetrotrophs?
TRUE
What process do bacteria go through in order to multiply?
Binary fissions
Why is it important to finish off anti-biotics that have been prescribed for a certain duration of use?
- One can become anti-botic resistant
- Remaing bacteria will remember the medication and fight it off
-If the illness was to occur aagain then it wouldn’t work agaisnt the illness
What do Marcophage do in our immune system?
- They swallow bacteria and trap it in its membrane
-Bacteria is broken down by enzyems and is killed
-Cause inflimation so that fughting off the infection is easier
What Neutrophils do in our immune system?
- Come into play when Marcophage is in distress
-Very reckless and kill eveything, including healhty cells
- Generate barriers that kill and trap bacteria
-Kill themselves after a while
What does the Dendritic cell do for our immune system?
- Takes parts of the intruder and presents parts on outer layer
-From there decides if it wants anti-virus forces or bacteria forces (we will use bacteria in this example)
What do Anit-bacterial cells do in the immune system?
-Anti bacterial cells move to lymp nodes
-Helper T cells are activated and find a match with the dendrtitic cells outer kayer parts, helper T cells then duplicate , some become memory T cells
What do B cells do in the immune system?
- Replicate rapdily and work hard to fight agaisnt bacteria
- Die from exhsuation
- B cells produce anti-bodies which bind to the surface of teh intruder
What is E.coli
- There are harmless strains that are found in our guts
-Harmful strains can cause infections, serious urinary probelms which can be caused by food poisoing
What is Shigella dysenteriae?
- Stomach ache
- High contaigous
-fever,cramos, diarrehea
What is unquie about Archeaea’s buildup
- Unique gentic code
- Cell wall and memebrane have unquie chemical makeup
Similarties between bacteria and archaea?
-Unicelluar
-Prokaryotic
-Gentic material
-Ribosomes
-Cytoplasma
-Can be autotrophs and hetrotrops
-Binary fissions
Differences between bacteria and archaea?
- Membrane structure. Archea have a monolipid layer instead of a bilid layer
- Has unique cell wall. They do not have pipdoglycan
-Some differences in gentics (i.e entry points)
