LESSON 1: A1- Nutrition Flashcards
nutrient
a chemical that must be
obtained by an organism from its
environment in order to survive; nutrients
provide the raw material for growth and
repair and may be a source of energy
What do nuitrents need to go through in order to be used?
- Broken down into simpler molecules and are used to build and replace cells
What do nuitrents help with?
Building and reparing tissue
All organzism require ____________ to preform basic life functions
Chemical energy
Factors that affect energy requirements
- Body size
-Physcial acitivity
-Sex
-Age
-Heridetary factor
metabolism
the set of chemical reactions
that occur in living organisms that are
necessary to maintain life
catabolism
- a part of the metabolism
-the metabolic reactions
that break down larger molecules into
smaller subunits
anabolism
- a part of the metabolism
- m the metabolic reactions that
use energy to produce larger molecules
from smaller subunits
metabolic rate
the rate at which the
body converts stored energy into
working energy
What unit is energy measured in?
Joules
Carbohydrates
the main source of energy for the human body
Carbohydrate
molecules are made up of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
three main types
of carbohydrates
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
monosaccharides
-basic carbohydrates (also known as simple sugars)
-ring-shaped structures consisting of a single sugar molecule.
Gulcose and fructose are examples of what?
monosaccharides
What is gulcose used for?
Glucose is used during cellular respiration to provide the energy
needed for cellular processes and physical activity
polysaccharides
Many simple sugar molecules can join together to form large carbohydrates called
polysaccharides
-Polysaccharides are also referred to as complex carbohydrates; a
single polysaccharide molecule may consist of hundreds of joined simple sugars.
Starches and cellulose are
polysaccharides made and stored in plants
Disaccharides
-made up of two simple sugars joined together
Sugars such as
lactose (milk sugar) and sucrose (table sugar) are examples of
disaccharides
Plants use the carbohydrates
they produce for…
energy and to create complex molecules
A healthy diet is generally considered to be one in which carbohydrates provide at least…
55 % of a person’s energy needs
Complex carbohydrates, such as starches, must be broken down into…
simple sugars, such as glucose, before the body can use them
Where are carbohydrates stored in the human body?
in the liver and muscle tissues in the form of glycogen
What happens when the maximum amount of glycogen is stored?
, excess carbohydrates can be converted to lipids and stored as body fat.
When energy is needed, glycogen is converted back into usable glucose.
hormone
a chemical signal or messenger
molecule, circulated through the body and
used to coordinate cellular functions
Functions of protiens
-control of chemical reactions
-movement
-transporting oxygen
-structure
-hormones (chemical messengers)
-defence
-source of energy
Proteins
key building blocks of cells and perform a wide range of functions. They are important structural molecules, are involved in all metabolic activities, and are used to generate motion.
What is the most complex nutirents?
Protiens
Some protiens are hormones?
TRUE
-Some proteins serve as hormones—chemical
messengers released by cells in the body that influence cellular activity in another
part of the body
Proteins are made up of…
long
chains of smaller molecules called amino acids and are highly variable in size and
shape
How many amnio acids that makes up all protiens?
20
How many of those amnio acids can your body produce?
12
How many of those amnio acids does do you need to get from an outside source?
8
- They are called essential amnio acids
sources of protein
Animal sources:
-meat, eggs, fish, and cheese
plant sources:
-beans, lentils, seeds, and nuts
True or false: most plant proteins lack at least one essential amino acid.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: 20% OF YOUR ENEGERY INTAKE SHOULD COME FROM YOU ENERGY INTAKE OF PROTIEN
TRUE
Lipids
provide a concentrated source of chemical energy for the body
What do lipids aid with?
help in the absorption of vitamins,
How are lipids helpful
-are a main component of cell membranes, and serve as insulation
for the body.
-Certain hormones, including sex hormones, are lipids
What are two types of lipids
Fats and oils
Fats and oils are made up of
three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule, which make up a triglyceride.
triglyceride
a lipid composed of
glycerol and three fatty acids that
are bonded together
Triglycerides can be either…
saturated or unsaturated, depending on the structure of their fatty
acid chains.
Fatty acids
contain long chains of carbon and hydrogen atom
Unsaturated triglycerides (unsaturated fats)
are called oils, and they are usually
liquid at room temperature.
-fish oils and plants are examples
-better for you
Saturated fats
usually solid at room temperature
-. Meat and butter are common
sources of saturated fats.
essential fatty acids
they cannot be produced in the
body and must be obtained from the diet.
- I.e, omega 3
Steriods
-A special group of lipids
-includes the sex hormones testosterone
and estrogen, and cholesterol.
Sex hormones
control the development of male and
female sex characteristics.
What happens when you have too many lipids
- disease such as heart disease
Catagories of lipds
-Triglycerides
-Phospholipds
-Steroids
Triglycerides
- insoluble in water (hydrophobic)
-Fats and oils
-fats are used by animals
-To be a Triglycerides 3 seperate fatty acids have to bond with glycerole molecules
What 2 types of subnuit molecules does Triglycerides have
-glyerol
-fatty acids
Fatty acids in Triglycerides
3 main parts:
-hyrdocarbon chain
- methly group
Can be saturated or unsaturated
-Transfat is a unstaurated fatty acid
Phospholipds
- Contain glycerol and 2 fatty acids that is attached to the 3rd carbon glycerol
- Phosphate head is hydrophllic (water loving)
-Fatty acid tail is hydrophobioc
Steriods
- Composed of 4 fused rings of carbon
- cholestorl, estrogen, vitamin D are examples
Water
- required in cell cytoplasm
-requires water for chemical reactions,,to digest food, and to
eliminate waste products.
What does water help with
-Water is also necessary to maintain your blood volume, to regulate body temperature, and to keep your skin moist
Vitamins
an organic molecule that the
body requires in small amounts as an
essential nutrient
TRUE OF FALSE: Vitamins are either fat soluble or water soluble
TRUE
Which vitammins do not disolve in water and are fat soluble
Vitamins A, D, E, K
Which vitamins are produced by our bodies?
Vitamins A, D, K
What makes up vitamins A
Beat-carotine
How is vitamin D obtained?
The sun
How is vitamin K made
made by special bacteria found in large intestine
mineral
an element, such as calcium
or phosophorus, required by the body
in small amounts; plays a role in cell
processes and repair
