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GRADE 11 BIOLOGY > LESSON 1: A1- Nutrition > Flashcards

LESSON 1: A1- Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

nutrient

A

a chemical that must be
obtained by an organism from its
environment in order to survive; nutrients
provide the raw material for growth and
repair and may be a source of energy

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2
Q

What do nuitrents need to go through in order to be used?

A
  • Broken down into simpler molecules and are used to build and replace cells
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3
Q

What do nuitrents help with?

A

Building and reparing tissue

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4
Q

All organzism require ____________ to preform basic life functions

A

Chemical energy

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5
Q

Factors that affect energy requirements

A
  • Body size
    -Physcial acitivity
    -Sex
    -Age
    -Heridetary factor
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6
Q

metabolism

A

the set of chemical reactions
that occur in living organisms that are
necessary to maintain life

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7
Q

catabolism

A
  • a part of the metabolism
    -the metabolic reactions
    that break down larger molecules into
    smaller subunits
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8
Q

anabolism

A
  • a part of the metabolism
  • m the metabolic reactions that
    use energy to produce larger molecules
    from smaller subunits
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9
Q

metabolic rate

A

the rate at which the
body converts stored energy into
working energy

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10
Q

What unit is energy measured in?

A

Joules

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11
Q

Carbohydrates

A

the main source of energy for the human body

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12
Q

Carbohydrate
molecules are made up of

A

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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13
Q

three main types
of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

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14
Q

monosaccharides

A

-basic carbohydrates (also known as simple sugars)

-ring-shaped structures consisting of a single sugar molecule.

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15
Q

Gulcose and fructose are examples of what?

A

monosaccharides

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16
Q

What is gulcose used for?

A

Glucose is used during cellular respiration to provide the energy
needed for cellular processes and physical activity

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17
Q

polysaccharides

A

Many simple sugar molecules can join together to form large carbohydrates called
polysaccharides

-Polysaccharides are also referred to as complex carbohydrates; a
single polysaccharide molecule may consist of hundreds of joined simple sugars.

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18
Q

Starches and cellulose are

A

polysaccharides made and stored in plants

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19
Q

Disaccharides

A

-made up of two simple sugars joined together

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20
Q

Sugars such as
lactose (milk sugar) and sucrose (table sugar) are examples of

A

disaccharides

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21
Q

Plants use the carbohydrates
they produce for…

A

energy and to create complex molecules

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22
Q

A healthy diet is generally considered to be one in which carbohydrates provide at least…

A

55 % of a person’s energy needs

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23
Q

Complex carbohydrates, such as starches, must be broken down into…

A

simple sugars, such as glucose, before the body can use them

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24
Q

Where are carbohydrates stored in the human body?

A

in the liver and muscle tissues in the form of glycogen

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25
Q

What happens when the maximum amount of glycogen is stored?

A

, excess carbohydrates can be converted to lipids and stored as body fat.
When energy is needed, glycogen is converted back into usable glucose.

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26
Q

hormone

A

a chemical signal or messenger
molecule, circulated through the body and
used to coordinate cellular functions

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27
Q

Functions of protiens

A

-control of chemical reactions

-movement

-transporting oxygen

-structure

-hormones (chemical messengers)

-defence

-source of energy

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28
Q

Proteins

A

key building blocks of cells and perform a wide range of functions. They are important structural molecules, are involved in all metabolic activities, and are used to generate motion.

29
Q

What is the most complex nutirents?

A

Protiens

30
Q

Some protiens are hormones?

A

TRUE

-Some proteins serve as hormones—chemical
messengers released by cells in the body that influence cellular activity in another
part of the body

31
Q

Proteins are made up of…

A

long
chains of smaller molecules called amino acids and are highly variable in size and
shape

32
Q

How many amnio acids that makes up all protiens?

A

20

33
Q

How many of those amnio acids can your body produce?

A

12

34
Q

How many of those amnio acids does do you need to get from an outside source?

A

8

  • They are called essential amnio acids
35
Q

sources of protein

A

Animal sources:

-meat, eggs, fish, and cheese

plant sources:

-beans, lentils, seeds, and nuts

36
Q

True or false: most plant proteins lack at least one essential amino acid.

A

TRUE

37
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: 20% OF YOUR ENEGERY INTAKE SHOULD COME FROM YOU ENERGY INTAKE OF PROTIEN

A

TRUE

38
Q

Lipids

A

provide a concentrated source of chemical energy for the body

39
Q

What do lipids aid with?

A

help in the absorption of vitamins,

39
Q

How are lipids helpful

A

-are a main component of cell membranes, and serve as insulation
for the body.

-Certain hormones, including sex hormones, are lipids

40
Q

What are two types of lipids

A

Fats and oils

41
Q

Fats and oils are made up of

A

three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule, which make up a triglyceride.

42
Q

triglyceride

A

a lipid composed of
glycerol and three fatty acids that
are bonded together

43
Q

Triglycerides can be either…

A

saturated or unsaturated, depending on the structure of their fatty
acid chains.

44
Q

Fatty acids

A

contain long chains of carbon and hydrogen atom

45
Q

Unsaturated triglycerides (unsaturated fats)

A

are called oils, and they are usually
liquid at room temperature.

-fish oils and plants are examples
-better for you

46
Q

Saturated fats

A

usually solid at room temperature

-. Meat and butter are common
sources of saturated fats.

47
Q

essential fatty acids

A

they cannot be produced in the
body and must be obtained from the diet.

  • I.e, omega 3
48
Q

Steriods

A

-A special group of lipids

-includes the sex hormones testosterone
and estrogen, and cholesterol.

49
Q

Sex hormones

A

control the development of male and
female sex characteristics.

50
Q

What happens when you have too many lipids

A
  • disease such as heart disease
51
Q

Catagories of lipds

A

-Triglycerides
-Phospholipds
-Steroids

52
Q

Triglycerides

A
  • insoluble in water (hydrophobic)
    -Fats and oils
    -fats are used by animals
    -To be a Triglycerides 3 seperate fatty acids have to bond with glycerole molecules
53
Q

What 2 types of subnuit molecules does Triglycerides have

A

-glyerol
-fatty acids

54
Q

Fatty acids in Triglycerides

A

3 main parts:

-hyrdocarbon chain

  • methly group
    Can be saturated or unsaturated

-Transfat is a unstaurated fatty acid

55
Q

Phospholipds

A
  • Contain glycerol and 2 fatty acids that is attached to the 3rd carbon glycerol
  • Phosphate head is hydrophllic (water loving)

-Fatty acid tail is hydrophobioc

56
Q

Steriods

A
  • Composed of 4 fused rings of carbon
  • cholestorl, estrogen, vitamin D are examples
57
Q

Water

A
  • required in cell cytoplasm

-requires water for chemical reactions,,to digest food, and to
eliminate waste products.

58
Q

What does water help with

A

-Water is also necessary to maintain your blood volume, to regulate body temperature, and to keep your skin moist

59
Q

Vitamins

A

an organic molecule that the
body requires in small amounts as an
essential nutrient

60
Q

TRUE OF FALSE: Vitamins are either fat soluble or water soluble

A

TRUE

61
Q

Which vitammins do not disolve in water and are fat soluble

A

Vitamins A, D, E, K

62
Q

Which vitamins are produced by our bodies?

A

Vitamins A, D, K

63
Q

What makes up vitamins A

A

Beat-carotine

64
Q

How is vitamin D obtained?

A

The sun

65
Q

How is vitamin K made

A

made by special bacteria found in large intestine

66
Q

mineral

A

an element, such as calcium
or phosophorus, required by the body
in small amounts; plays a role in cell
processes and repair

67
Q
A

GRADE 11 BIOLOGY (43 decks)

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