Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GRADE 11 BIOLOGY > LESSON 10: Plant Anatomy > Flashcards

LESSON 10: Plant Anatomy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How do plants talk to each other?

A
  • Through the air
    -through the soil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Airbone chemicals

A

Plants rely on airborne chemicals to get messages from one part of a plant to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Messages through soil

A

Plants can rely on sending messages through soil

-Plants have a symbiotic relationship with fungi
-fungi have networks to seperate plants whcih act like highways for chemcial messages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Plant cells

A

-are basic building blocks

Can specialize in form and function
-By working together, forming tissues, they can support each other and survive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Level of orginzation

A

-Atoms > Molecules > Cells > Tissues > Organs > Plant > Population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Plant vs, Animal cells

A

Plant + Animal:

  • Cytoplasma
    -Nucules
    -Cell membrane
    -mitochondria

Differences:

Plant:

-chlroplast
-Cell wall
-vacoule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Plant Cells and Tissues: Meristematic

A

-These cell are all developed from unspecialized cells called meristematic cells
-These are similar to stem cells in animals
-Active through the life of the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are Meristematic cells found?

A

-The growing tips of their roots and leaves
- A special layer of their stem called the cambium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Plant Cells and Tissues: Epidermal Tissues

A

These cells and tissues can be found on the exterior of the plant

–Clear and very thin layer of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of Epidermal tissue

A

These cells form a protective outer covering
-Allows for exchange of materials and gasses in and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Example of epidermal tissue

A

Specialized guard cells form a pore
-The pore is called the stomata
Allows for exchange of CO2, H20 vapour, and O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Plant Cells and Tissues: Ground Tissue

A

This tissue makes up the majority of the plant
The function will be different depending on where it is in the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples of ground tissue

A

-Ex: in the roots ground tissue is involved in food and water storage
-EX: in the leaves it is involved in photosynthesis and gas exchange
Called the mesophyll
-EX: in the stem it provides strength and support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Plant Cells and Tissues: Vascular Tissue

A

Transports water and nutrients throughout the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two types of vascular tissue?

A

Xylem and Phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Xylem

A

-Xylem: responsible for the movement of water and minerals from the roots up to the stem and to the leaves (one way flow only of water and minerals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Phloem

A

-Phloem: transports sugar produced in photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plant (two way flow of food and water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Plant Cells and Tissues: Xylem vs. Phloem

A

Xylem cells are DEAD!
-They are hollow cells and consist only of cell wall
-These cells transports water and dissolved minerals

Phloem cells are ALIVE!
-However, they lack nucleus and organelles
-These are the cells that transport organic materials (sugars)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Plant Organs: Roots

A

Roots are made up of epidermal, ground and vascular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Functions of roots?

A

-Anchorage
-Absorption of water & dissolved minerals
-Storage (surplus sugars, starch)
-Conduction water/nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Plant Organs: Stems

A

This organ is above-ground usually

This organ is also made of a combination of epidermal, ground, and vascular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

function of stems?

A

It serves many functions including:
-Support of leaves and fruits
-Transportation of water and sugars throughout plant (xylem and phloem)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Dicot and Monocot

A

There are more than one type of stem:

Monocot stems are circular shaped with lateral branches, they are bounded with a layer of dermis
-Dicot stems have a well defined epidermis with cuticle (layer of dermis with multicellular stem hair)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Woody stem and green stems

A

-Woody plants produce a hard woody stem above the ground
-Herbaceous plants produce soft flexible green stems above the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Plant Organs: Leaves

A

The leaf is the ‘Photosynthetic factories’ of the plant

The leaf is also made of epidermal, ground and vascular tissue

-This means its major function is to perform photosynthesis which produces food for the whole plant

Photosynthesis can be represented by the word equation below:
Carbon dioxide + water 🡪 sugars (i.e. glucose) + oxygen (and sunlight energy)

6CO2 + 6H2O  🡪  C6H12O6 + 6O2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Uses of vascular, epidermal and ground tissue in leaves?

A

The epidermal tissue of the leaf is a transparent protective layer

-May include a waxy cuticle and stomata with guard cells for gas exchange
The ground tissue, called mesophyll, performs photosynthesis and is spongy to allow for gas exchange

The vascular tissue is made of both xylem and phloem are for transportation of materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Uses of vascular, epidermal and ground tissue in Stems

A

The epidermal tissue of the stem provides protection
-This may include the production of a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss or trichome hairs for protection
The ground tissue is there for support, storage of materials and photosynthesis if green
The vascular tissue is made of both xylem and phloem are for transportation of materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Uses of vascular, epidermal and ground tissue in Roots

A

Dermal tissue covers and protects the plant
-Ground tissue serves as a site for photosynthesis, provides support for vascular tissue, and helps to store water & sugars
-Vascular tissue transports water, minerals, and sugars to other parts of the plant

The root epidermal tissue is there for protection and absorption of water
-It also has root hairs that increase the surface area
The root ground tissue is there to provide support and store sugars, starches and other substances
The vascular tissue is made of both xylem and phloem are for transportation of materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

chloroplast

A

an organelle found in large
numbers in many plant cells; the site of
photosynthesis within a plant cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

photopigment

A

a pigment that undergoes
a physical or chemical change in the
presence of light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

blade

A

the fl at part of a leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

petiole

A

the stalk that attaches the leaf
blade to the plant stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

venation

A

the arrangement of veins within
a leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

mesophyll

A

the photosynthetic middle layer
of cells in the leaf of a terrestrial plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

palisade mesophyll

A

the layer of
elongated photosynthetic cells arranged in
columns under the upper surface of a leaf
on a terrestrial plant; part of the mesophyll

36
Q

spongy mesophyll

A

the layer of loosely
packed photosynthetic cells with large air
spaces between them under the lower
surface of a leaf on a terrestrial plant; part
of the mesophyll

37
Q

stoma

A

a small opening in the epidermis
of a plant that allows gas exchange

38
Q

guard cell

A

one of two kidney-shaped
cells that control the opening and closing
of a stoma

39
Q

aerenchyma

A

tissue composed of loosely packed parenchyma cells with large pores;
found in aquatic plants

40
Q

meristematic tissue (meristem)

A

tissue consisting of dividing undifferentiated cells
(meristematic cells) found in areas of the
plant where growth can take place

41
Q

vascular bundle

A

the arrangement of
vascular tissue that consists of xylem and
phloem

42
Q

Function of stems:

A

raises and supports leaves and reproductive

-connects vascular tissue in the vascular levaes to the vascular tissue in the roots

-Raises up for sunlight exposure

-Rasing flower and cone for a good place for pollination and production of seeds

43
Q

TRUE OR FLASE: Woody stems do not carry out photosynthesis

A

TRUE

44
Q

vascular cambium

A

the meristematic cell
layer in vascular tissue

45
Q

bark

A

the protective outermost layer of the
stems and roots of woody plants; consists
of phloem, cork cambium, and cork

46
Q

cork cambium

A

the meristematic layer in
a woody plant that produces cork

47
Q

Sapwood

A

the younger xylem through which water and minerals are transported to the leaves.

48
Q

two types of xylem cells

A

Trachied and vessell elements

49
Q

tracheid

A

an elongated, tapered xylem
cell with thick cell walls containing small
pits; tracheids overlap one another at the
ends to form continuous tubes from root
to shoot

50
Q

vessel element

A

a shorter, blunt-ended
xylem cell with thick cell walls containing
small pits; vessel elements are stacked
end to end to form vessel tubes that run
from root to shoot

51
Q

perforation plate

A

the perforated end wall
of a vessel element

52
Q

sieve cell

A

a phloem cell with pores in
its cell walls; contains all necessary cell
organelles

53
Q

sieve tube element

A

a phloem cell with
pores in its side cell walls and a sieve
plate at the end walls; sieve tube elements
lack organelles and depend on associated
companion cells

54
Q

sieve plate

A

the perforated end wall of a
sieve tube element

55
Q

companion cell

A

a small, nucleated
phloem cell that is always associated with
a sieve tube element

56
Q

Three types of phloem cells found in vascular plants

A

Sieve cells,sieve tub elemetn and sieve plate

57
Q

in gymnosperms usually xylem tissue

A

tracheids is found

58
Q

in gymnosperms usually pholem tissue

A

sieve cells

59
Q

in angiosperms usually pholem tissue

A

sieve tube elements
companion cells

60
Q

in angiosperms usually xylem tissue

A

tracheids
vessel elements

61
Q

Humans use stems for..

A

-food
-medication
-fuel

62
Q

two basic systems for roots

A

Taproot system

Fibourous root system

63
Q

taproot system

A

a root system composed
of a large, thick root; can have smaller
lateral roots

64
Q

lateral root

A

a smaller root that branches
from a larger root

65
Q

root hair

A

a microscopic extension of the
epidermal cells of the root

66
Q

fi brous root system

A

a root system made
up of many small, branching roots

67
Q

root cap

A

the mass of cells that form a
protective covering for the meristem at the
root tip

68
Q

root cortex

A

a region of parenchyma cells
under the epidermis of a root

69
Q

endodermis

A

the innermost layer of cells
in the cortex of a root

70
Q

Casparian strip

A

the wax-like strip
that runs through the cell wall of an
endodermal cell

71
Q

vascular cylinder

A

the central portion of
a root that contains the xylem and the
phloem

72
Q

Transport of water and nutrients into the root happens by two diff erent processes:

A

water enters the root cells by osmosis,

nutrients enter by active transport

73
Q

Transport in roots

A

-Water molecules therefore enter cells in the plant root by osmosis.

-The water molecules move toward the vascular cylinder

-use active transport to move nutrients from the soil water into the root cells.

-they are moved through the cells of the cortex toward
the endodermis

-they encounter the
Casparian strip and have to pass through endoermal cells

-. Once
inside the vascular cylinder, nutrients are actively pumped across cell membranes into
the xylem.

74
Q

root pressure

A

the osmotic force pushing
xylem sap upward in root vascular tissue

75
Q

capillary action

A

the tendency of a liquid
to rise or fall because of attractive forces
between the liquid molecules

76
Q

Transportation into stems:

A

-Once water molecules and dissolved nutrients have crossed the Casparian strip, the
liquid they form is called xylem sap

-root pressure and capiliary action help rise xylen sap upwards

-xylem sap moves through xylem tubes

77
Q

Transport to leaves

A
  • leaves bring xylem sap to the top of a tree

-plant releases water vapour through their stomata during transeriation, this makes water coloum move

78
Q

transpiration

A

evaporation of water
through the stomata of plant leaves

79
Q

source

A

a plant cell with a high
concentration of sugars and other solutes,
such as a leaf cell

80
Q

sink

A

a plant cell with a low concentration
of sugars; sugars may be converted to
starch for storage or used rapidly for
energy or as building blocks of other
carbohydrates

81
Q

Sugars are actively transported from..

A

Sugars are actively transported from source to sink in the phloem.

82
Q

Phloem sap moves along…

A

the phloem tubes as a result of a pressure
difference between source cells and sink cells.

83
Q

Movement of fluid in the xylem is always

A

upward

84
Q

Movement
in the phloem can be

A

upward or downward

85
Q
A

GRADE 11 BIOLOGY (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions