LESSON 3: D3 -Viruses Flashcards
What is a virus
A small non-living particle
Are viruses cells?
No
- They cannot grow, reproduce and do not have otganelles
Viruses are a simple…
Packages of gentic instruction in the form of DNA or RNA
Are viruses still classifed with taxonomic classifications?
Yes
Do anti-biotics work agasint viruses?
No
What is the protien coat all viruses have?
Capsid
What is needed for a virus to grow?
A host
What are the two cycyles of virus replication?
Lytic and Lysogenic
What are the four stages of the lytic cycle?
Attachment, Synthesis, Assembily, Release
What is the attachment stage within the lytic cycle?
- Virus attaches itself to host cells receptos on the surface
-either the whole virus is taken into the cell or DNA/RNA is injected into the cell
What is the synthesis stage within the lytic cycle?
- DNA/RNA instruct the cell to produce new virus parts
What is the assembily stage within the lytic cycle?
- New virus parts are brought together and assemble new viruses
What is the release stage within the lytic cycle?
- New viruses are relased from the cell (lysing) and the host cell is killed
Does RNA go into lytic or lysogentic cycle?
Lytic
Viruses that are DNA go into….
Lysogentic cycle
Is it possible for DNA in the lysogentic cycle to be tirgged into the lytic cycle?
Yes! This can be due to a chemical reaction or a stressor
How is the lysogentic cyle different from the lytic cycle?
The virus is dormat
What are the steps in the lysogentic cycle?
- DNA/RNA are injected, however; host cell is not controlled
-The vrila DNA becomes apart of the cells DNA
- Cell is replicated with the viruses gentic code
-New daughter cells created
- Host cell is not killed via lysogentic cycle
What is rhinovirus?
- The common cold
- Smallest vrius
What is influenza
- The flu
- Anti-flu m,edicnes can help wuith the flu before it enters the body
What is HPV
- HPV is a DNA virus
- There is a vaccine for it
- HPV16 and HPV18 can cause cervical cancer
What is ebola?
- Viral fever
-Affects humans and primates - not easily spread
-Many cells are killed which triggers immune system overload, damges blood cells causing internal and external bleeding - no vaccine
- occurs in poorer countries
What is HIV?
- Viral infection
- HIV can lead to AIDS
- HIV leads to organ failure
-Medication needed in order to live a long life
-HIV infects HelperT cells (they are the front line defensive of our immune system)
What is smallpox
- Infectious disease
-virus attacks blood vessels on skin and mouth causing blisters - there is a vaccine
What is COVID?
-Viral infection thaqt danges mupltile bodily systems
-very contagious
- Virus has spike protiens to allow it to move quicker in the body
How can viral infections be treated with antiviral medicne by follow which set of rules?
- Entry
- Nucleic acid replication
-Virus protien processing
-Virus maturation
How can viral infections be treated?
Vaccines
What are the three types of Vaccines?
- Live attenuated agents
- Inactivated whole agents
- Subunit preperations
Explain Live attenuated agents vaccines
- weak or modified versions so they are less harmful
Explain Inactivated whole agents vaccines
- modifed viruses so that cannot trigger diseases
Explain Subunit preperations vaccines
- Only part of the agent is used to provoake and immune response
How do vaccines work?
- your immune system specifically your white blood cells remember the virus
- prepares your immune system for acutal contatc with the virus
