Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy I > Lectures 8-9: Nervous Tissue I And II > Flashcards

Lectures 8-9: Nervous Tissue I And II Flashcards

1
Q

main functions of nervous tissue (3)

A

-coordinate body function with internal/external environment
-coordinate and integrate cellular signals
-long distance communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 types of neurons

A

-sensory input
-motor output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sensory input neurons aka

A

afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

afferent means

A

carrying towards a center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

efferent means

A

carried away from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sensory input neurons carry what kind of info

A

brought from periphery to cns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

motor output neurons carry what kind of info

A

leave cns for periphery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

skeletal muscle is an example of what kind of neuron

A

motor output/efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

examples of sensory input/afferent neurons

A

proprioceptive, pain, temperature, touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how is nervous system organized

A

-central
-peripheral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 parts of cns (general)

A

-brain
-spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 parts of pns (general)

A

-cranial nerves
-spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 parts of cns (structural)

A

-gray matter and nuclei
-white matter and tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2 parts of pns (structural)

A

-ganglia
-nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

functional unit of nervous system

A

neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 types of neurons(morphology)

A

-multipolar
-bipolar
-pseudounipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

majority of axons are what morphological type

A

multipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

glial cells definition

A

cells that support neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the 2 fundamental cells in nervous tissue

A

neurons and glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

neuropil definition

A

synaptically dense regions composed of unmyelinated axons, dendrites and processes of glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is there any connective tissue within cns

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

primary function of neuron

A

generate and propagate action potentials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what kind of signals do neurons receive

A

chemical and electrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

anatomy of basic neuron (8)

A

-dendrites
-cell body
-axon hillock
-initial segment
-internodal segment
-node of ranvier
-terminal arborizations
-terminal boutons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the first part of the axon where the action potential begins

A

initial segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

dendrites function

A

receive info from other neurons and carry info to the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

cell body aka

A

perikaryon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

function of dendritic spines

A

-increase surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what can dendrites change about their membranes

A

membrane potential of membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what structures do neuron cell bodies contain that dendrites and axons don’t

A

-cell body contains nissl bodies, golgi complexes and nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what passes from cell body to axon

A

cytoskeleton and secretory vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

where are action potentials generated

A

initial segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

7 components of neuron cell body: organelles and structures

A

-nucleus
-nucleolus
-nissl bodies
-golgi complex
-mitochondria
-neurofilaments
-microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

function of golgi complexes in neuron

A

produce regulated synaptic vesicles to package and deliver neurotransmitter to end of axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what are contained within nissl bodies

A

rough ER and ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

neurofilaments in axon: definition and function

A

-intermediate filaments
-stability/structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

function/definition of microtubules in axon

A

-grow and shrink to move material around (from and to)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

function of myelin

A

insulate cells during propagation of signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Length of axons vs dendrites

A

Axons much longer (up to meters long)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Axonal transport is ____________ (directional term)

A

Bidirectional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Axonal transport: 2 directions

A

-anterograde
-retrograde

42
Q

Anterograde axon transport

A

-Away from cell body
-transport synaptic vesicle protein down axon for potential exocytosis release

43
Q

Is anterograde axon transport fast or slow

A

Can be either

44
Q

Retrograde axon transport

A

-toward cell body
-cell membranes returned to cell body for reuse or degradation

45
Q

Is retrograde axon transport fast or slow

A

Fast

46
Q

Axonal transport: 2 speeds

A

-fast
-slow

47
Q

Axonal transport: fast transport (what is used/transported)

A

-microtubules and motor proteins (lines in)
-transport organelles, synaptic vesicles

48
Q

Slow anterograde transport

A

-transports cytoskeleton precursors and elements that contribute to stability of axon

49
Q

4 steps of Axonal transport

A

-synthesis, assembly and export
-anterograde transport
-release of neurotransmitter
-retrograde transport

50
Q

Where do axons end

A

Terminal boutons

51
Q

Synapse definition

A

Connection between neurons for communication

52
Q

Synaptic cleft definition

A

Cells separated by narrow gap

53
Q

What initiates neurotransmitter release

A

Action potential

54
Q

Where does neurotransmitter cross

A

Synaptic cleft

55
Q

Effect of neurotransmitter crossing synaptic cleft

A

Depolarizes postsynaptic membrane or hyperpolarization

56
Q

4 types of synapses

A

-axodendritic
-axosomatic
-axoaxonic
-neuromuscular

57
Q

Axodendritic synapse

A

Between axon of one cell and dendrite of another cell

58
Q

Axosomatic synapse

A

Between axon of one cell and cell body of another cell

59
Q

Axoaxonic synapse

A

Between 2 axons

60
Q

Neuromuscular synapse

A

Between motor neuron of one cell and muscular tissue

61
Q

All synapses possess what kind of elements (2)

A

Pre synaptic and post synaptic

62
Q

Anatomy of synapse

A

-presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane with synaptic cleft in the middle
-synaptic vesicles surrounding
-mitochondrion
-dendrites

63
Q

Presynaptic element: definition

A

Axon of 1st neuron

64
Q

What structure contains neurotransmitter

A

Synaptic vesicles

65
Q

Are synaptic vesicles part of the presynaptic element or postsynaptic element

A

Presynaptic

66
Q

Postsynaptic element definition

A

2nd neuron
-postsynaptic density

67
Q

General properties of neurotransmitter reuptake and recycling (3)

A

-transporter mediated
-recycled enzymatic products
-vesicle is recycled

68
Q

Neuromuscular synapse definition

A

Release of Ach from motor neuron propagates action potential within muscle fiber

69
Q

Sarcoplasma definition

A

Plasma membrane of muscle cell

70
Q

Transverse tubules general function

A

Action potential travels through to reach internal muscle fibers

71
Q

How does action potential travel in neuromuscular synapse

A

Through sarcolemma and t tubules

72
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane of muscle cell

73
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

-smooth ER
-stores calcium

74
Q

Neuromuscular synapse: how it works

A

-depolarization propagates through t tubules to sarcoplasma reticula
-activates calcium channels to release calcium and cause contraction

75
Q

Where do t tubules contact/touch

A

Terminal cistern are of sarcoplasmic reticulum

76
Q

Ganglia definition

A

Clusters of cell bodies outside CNS

77
Q

Where are psuedounipolar neurons found

A

Sensory ganglia

78
Q

How do you know you’re looking at a histological section from the peripheral nervous system

A

Connective tissue stained blue

79
Q

Satellite cells

A

Glia that form a complete ring around pseudounipolar neuron cell bodies

80
Q

99% of all neurons are what morphological type

A

Multipolar

81
Q

2 types of non neuronal cells in nervous system

A

-glial cells (CNS)
-PNS non neuronal cells

82
Q

4 types of glia

A

-Astrocytes
-microglia
-Schwann cells
-oligodendrocytes

83
Q

Microglia functions

A

-remove damaged neurons and infectious agents
-can become phagocytes
-primary immune defense

84
Q

Microglia: PNS or CNS

A

CNS

85
Q

Astrocytes function/support (3)

A

-blood brain barrier
-form glia limitans
-proliferation at sites of injury

86
Q

Glia limitans definition

A

Barrier between pia mater and CNS

87
Q

Schwann cells function

A

Myelinate PNS axons

88
Q

Oligodendrotytes function

A

Myelinate CNS axons

89
Q

Schwann cells vs oligodendrotyes

A

-Schwann cells myelinate 1 single internodal segment forever
-oligodendrocytes Myelinate more than 1 axon

90
Q

What is myelin

A

Insulating series of glial cell plasma membranes (wrapped around and compressed in a loop around axon)

91
Q

At which parts of axon is myelin absent

A

-initial segment
-axon terminals
-nodes of ranvier

92
Q

Regions where myelin is present are called

A

Internodal segments

93
Q

What are unmyelinated axons

A

-not truly without Schwann cells
-axons are enveloped by glial cell but not wrapped by glial cell

94
Q

Where are unmyelinated axons found (general importance)

A

In places where conduction speed is not important

95
Q

CNS myelin vs PNS myelin

A

-CNS myelin made of oligodendrocytes
-PNS myelin made of Schwann cells

96
Q

How do peripheral nerves appear under light microscopy and why

A

Wavy because body wall moves and nerves have to accommodate for that movement

97
Q

Collections of axons in periphery are called

A

Peripheral nerves

98
Q

3 layers of connective tissue around peripheral nerve

A

-epineurium
-perineurium
-endoneurium

99
Q

Epineurium

A

-around whole nerve and many axons
-very dense, fills space between nerve fibers
-outermost layer

100
Q

Perineurium

A

Surrounds each bundle of nerve fibers

101
Q

Endoneurium

A

-Envelops myelin sheath of individual axons
-composed of reticular fibers produced by Schwann cells

Anatomy I (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions