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Anatomy I > Lecture 12: Integument > Flashcards

Lecture 12: Integument Flashcards

1
Q

2 main components of integument

A

Skin and appendages (nails, claws, hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands)

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2
Q

What is the largest organ in the body

A

Integument

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3
Q

Integument is continuous with

A

Epithelial linings of mouth, anus, urethra, ear and eyelids

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4
Q

Functions of Integument (5)

A

-barrier for protection
-provide immunological info
-convey sensory info
-excrete waste products
-thermoregulation

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5
Q

3 layers associated with skin

A

-epidermis
-dermis
-hypodermis

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6
Q

Is hypodermis technically considered part of skin

A

No

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7
Q

What kind of tissue is hypodermis

A

Loose connective tissue

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8
Q

Hypodermis function

A

-fat storage
-contains large blood vessels

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9
Q

How do dermis and epidermis hang on to each other (structure)

A

Rete apparatus

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10
Q

Rete apparatus definition

A

Interdigitations of epidermal ridges and dermal ridges

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11
Q

Dermal ridges aka

A

Papillae

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12
Q

Epidermis: cell type

A

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

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13
Q

Is epidermis vascular or avascular

A

Avascular

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14
Q

Which integument layer is continuously renewed by mitosis

A

Epidermis

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15
Q

Whether skin is thick or thin depends on

A

Thickness of epidermis

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16
Q

How many layers of epidermis are there

A

5

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17
Q

Does thick skin have hair

A

No

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18
Q

Where is thick skin found

A

Palm, soles, foot pads

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19
Q

What does thick skin lack

A

Hair follicles/sebaceous glands

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20
Q

Thin skin contains how many layers of epidermis

A

3-4

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21
Q

Think skin has

A

-hair follicles
-sebaceous glands

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22
Q

Where is thin skin found

A

Most of body

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23
Q

What is the main cell of the epidermis

A

Keratinocyte

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24
Q

5 layers of epidermis (from deep to superficial)

A

-stratum basale
-stratum spinosum
-stratum granulosum
-stratum lucidum
-stratum corneum

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25
Q

Stratum basale attaches to

A

Dermis

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26
Q

Stratum basale goes along with what structure

A

Rete apparatus

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27
Q

What do cells of stratum basale lie on

A

Basement membrane

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28
Q

Stratum basale aka

A

Stratum germanitivum

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29
Q

What layer of epidermis are actively dividing cells found

A

Stratum basale

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30
Q

Features of organelles found in stratum basale

A

Large nucleus
Free ribosomes

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31
Q

What is produced in stratum basale

A

Tonofilaments

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32
Q

Tonofiliaments

A

Keratin Intermediate filaments

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33
Q

What are tonofilaments bundled into

A

Tonofibrils

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34
Q

Where are tonofibrils found (2 layers of epidermis)

A

Stratum basale and stratum spinosum

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35
Q

Purpose of desmosomes in stratum basale

A

Anchor 2 cells

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36
Q

What holds stratum basale to basal lamina

A

Hemidesmosome

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37
Q

Where are melanocytes located

A

Stratum basale

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38
Q

Melanocytes function (general)

A

-skin color

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39
Q

Do melanocytes contain desmosomes

A

No

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40
Q

What determines skin color

A

Distribution of melanocytes and how melanin is consumed

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41
Q

Is the number of melanocytes the same across groups

A

Yes

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42
Q

2 causes of albinism

A

-born without melanocytes
-congenital defect, can’t recognize melanin

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43
Q

Stratum spinosum aka

A

Prickle cell layer

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44
Q

What are the prickles in stratum spinosum

A

Where desmosomes hang on tightly

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45
Q

The cell layer adjacent of stratum basale is __________ ________

A

Mitotically active

46
Q

Shapes of stratum spinosum cells

A

Cuboidal or slightly flattened

47
Q

What binds cells of stratum spinosum cells tother

A

Nodes of bizzozero

48
Q

Nodes of bizzozero

A

Filament filled cytoplasmic spines and desmosomes that bind cells of stratum spinosum together

49
Q

Where are langerhans cells located

A

Stratum spinosum

50
Q

Langerhans cells

A

Specialized macrophages that reside in stratum spinosum

51
Q

Are langerhans cells found anywhere else besides skin

A

No

52
Q

What is the last epidermal layer with nuclei (aka which is the last layer that is alive)

A

Stratum granulosum

53
Q

Stratum granulosum is named for

A

2 types of granules

54
Q

2 types of granules: stratum granulosum

A

-keratohyalin
-lamellar granules

55
Q

Keratohyalin granules look like

A

Arrows

56
Q

Function of stratum granulosum

A

-digest organelles (lysosomal enzymes)

57
Q

What do lamellar bodies discharge

A

Lipid rich content

58
Q

Function of lipid content discharged by lamellar bodies

A

-barrier for foreign materials
-water proof skin

59
Q

Lamellar bodies are secreted by what cells

A

Keratinocytes

60
Q

Keratohyalin granules are made by

A

Ribosomes

61
Q

Keratohyalin granules are associated/bundled with what structures and why

A

-tonofibrils
-strengthen them

62
Q

What structure lies between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum

A

Lipid envelope

63
Q

Stratum lucidum is only found where

A

Thick skin

64
Q

3 Features of stratum lucidum

A

-no nuclei or organelles
-contains densely packed keratin
-clear, thin layer of very flattened cells

65
Q

Stratum corneum organization

A

-many layers of flattened, non nucleated keratinized (Dead) cells with thick membranes and no organelles

66
Q

More layers of stratum corneum are found in (thick or thin skin)

A

Thick

67
Q

Deep layers of stratum corneum are held together by

A

Desmosomes

68
Q

What happens at superficial layers of stratum corneum

A

Cells lose desmosomes and undergo desquamation

69
Q

What is desquamation

A

Epidermal cells in stratum corneum slough off

70
Q

In which epidermal cell layer does apoptosis of organelles occur

A

Granular cell/stratum granulosum

71
Q

Dermis definition

A

Connective tissue layer deep to epidermis

72
Q

What separates dermis from stratum basale

A

Basement membrane

73
Q

Is dermis avascular or vascular

A

Vascular

74
Q

Main function of dermis

A

Nourish epidermis

75
Q

Langer lines/tension lines definition and functions

A

-patter of distribution of type 1 collagen fibers
-determine tension and wrinkle lines in skin
-determines paces and nature of wound healing

76
Q

2 layers of dermis

A

-papillary
-reticular

77
Q

Dermal papillary layer is what kind of tissue

A

Loose connective tissue

78
Q

Which layer of dermis interdigitates with epidermis

A

Papillary layer

79
Q

Where is Rete apparatus found in dermis (layer)

A

Papillary

80
Q

What collagen fibers are found in dermal papillary layer

A

Type I and type III

81
Q

Components of dermal papillary layer (4)

A

-collagen fibers
-elastic fibers
-Rete apparatus
-anchoring fibrils that extend from basal lamina into papillary layer

82
Q

What type of tissue is found in dermal reticular layer

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

83
Q

Reticular means

A

Network

84
Q

Are reticular fibers found in dermal reticular layer

A

No

85
Q

Components/structures in dermal reticular layer (5)

A

-type 1 collagen fibers
-thick elastic fibers
-smooth muscle (ar rector pills)
-epidermally derived glands
-hair follicles

86
Q

Claws, nails, hair, sweat glands and sebaceous glands are all derived from

A

Epithelium of epidermis

87
Q

Hair definition

A

Elongated keratinized structures derived from invaginations of epidermal epithelium (follicle)

88
Q

What do sebaceous glands produce

A

Sebum (waxy)

89
Q

Where are sebaceous glands located

A

Anywhere with thin skin

90
Q

Why are sebaceous glands not found in thick skin

A

No hair

91
Q

Sebaceous glands are required for health of what

A

Hair follicle

92
Q

Sebaceous glands are most abundantly found where

A

Face, forehead, scalp

93
Q

Sebaceous glands functions (2)

A

-hair flexibility
-maintain proper skin texture

94
Q

What structure cradles sebaceous filaments

A

Arrector pilli muscles

95
Q

Holocrine secretion

A

-sebaceous glands
-destroy cell

96
Q

Sebaceous glands: acinus (definition and importance)

A

-basal layer of undifferentiated flattened epithelial cells resting on basal lamina
-packed with lipid filled vacuoles

97
Q

Main function of sweat glands

A

Temperature regulation

98
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A

-eccrine
-apocrine

99
Q

Eccrine sweat glands shape

A

Simple (coiled) tubular

100
Q

Are eccrine sweat glands associated with hairs

A

No

101
Q

Eccrine sweat gland ducts open where

A

Skin surface

102
Q

Eccrine sweat glands found where in dogs

A

Tongue and foot pads

103
Q

What kind of secretion is found in eccrine sweat glands

A

Merocrine

104
Q

Merocrine secretion: eccrine sweat glands

A

Exocytosis where cells are not damaged during secretion

105
Q

Eccrine sweat glands: structure definition

A

Invaginations of epithelium into dermis/hypodermis

106
Q

Apocrine sweat glands: functions (2)

A

-contain pheromones
-secrete milky product at axilla (Armpit) that is odorless until metabolized by bacteria

107
Q

Apocrine sweat glands: structure location

A

-open into canals of hair follicle superficial to entry of sebaceous gland ducts

108
Q

Lumen size apocrine vs eccrine (and why)

A

-larger lumen in apocrine sweat glands because secretory product stored in lumen

109
Q

Is Merocrine secretion apocrine or eccrine

A

Eccrine

110
Q

what do eccrine sweat glands look like histology

A

-simple coiled tubular shape
-surrounded by myoepithelial cells
-smaller lumen
-invagination of epithelium

Anatomy I (35 decks)

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