Lecture 39: Pelvis and Perineum IV Flashcards
testes functions (2)
-produce sperm
-produce hormones/androgens
spermatogenesis
producing sperm
steroidogenesis
producing hormones
testis size in cattle (relationship)
inversely related to age at first calving and length of calving intervals of female offspring
location of testes in horse and dog
intermediate
location of testes bull
inguinal
location of testes pig and cat
perineal
innervation to testes
caudal mesenteric plexus
blood supply to testes
testicular artery and vein
epididymis function
matures and stores sperm
3 regions of epididymis
head
body
tail
in what regions of epididymis does sperm mature
head and body
in what region of epididymis is sperm stored
tail
location of epididymis i nhorse and dog
intermediate testes
location of epididymis in pig and cat
perineal testes
where do testis descend to? and what does this form
through parietal peritoneum
create visceral peritoneum
what 3 structures will eventually surround spermatic cord
visceral vaginal tunic = visceral peritoneum
vaginal cavity
parietal vaginal tunic
each testis is inside 1 _________
scrotal cavity
each testis has its own: (4 structures)
visceral and parietal vaginal tunics
cremaster
spermatic fascia
3 regions of spermatic cord
-ductus deferens and nerve
-testicular blood and lymphatic vessels
-visceral vaginal tunic
blood supply to spermatic cord
testicular artery
cremaster innervation and action
genital branch of urogenital nerve
raise testes during cold weather, arousal, copulation and fighting
blood supply to scrotum
external pudendal artery
4 nerves that innervate scrotum
-lumbar nerves
-iliohypogastric
-ilioinguinal
-genitofemoral
what structure is common for both testes (hint: covering)
single pouch of skin covered internally by dartos
what regions make up the scrotum (4)
-spermatic cord
dartos
skin
scrotal septum
2 layers of spermatic fascia
inner layer
outer layer
origin of cremaster muscle
internus abdominis at inguinal ring
structures involved in testis thermoregulation: cooling (2)
pampiniform plexus
thin scrotal skin
structures involved in testis thermoregulation: warming
dartos
cremaster
what temperature do testes need to be at for spermatogenesis
2-5 degrees C below body temperature
what process is sensitive to temperature in testis
spermatogenesis
rationale for castration (4)
avoid reproduction
facilitate management
promote weight gain in cattle
improve meat quality in pigs
3 castration methods
surgical
burdizzo
rubber band
burdizzo method of castration
preserve blood supply to scrotum
alter blood supply to testes to cause atrophy of testes
rubber band method of castration
interrupt both scrotal and testicular blood supply to cause necrosis
which method is used among all domestic mammals
surgical method
process of testis descent
testis begin on parietal peritoneum surrounding abdominal cavity
testis descend through parietal peritoneum into abdominal cavity
testis completely descend through abdominal cavity to caudal border of parietal peritoneum near body wall
testis invaginate into body wall and are surrounded by visceral and parietal vaginal tunic (peritoneum)
