Lecture 39: Pelvis and Perineum IV

Question 1

testes functions (2)

Answer 1

-produce sperm
-produce hormones/androgens

Question 2

spermatogenesis

Answer 2

producing sperm

Question 3

steroidogenesis

Answer 3

producing hormones

Question 4

testis size in cattle (relationship)

Answer 4

inversely related to age at first calving and length of calving intervals of female offspring

Question 5

location of testes in horse and dog

Answer 5

intermediate

Question 6

location of testes bull

Answer 6

inguinal

Question 7

location of testes pig and cat

Answer 7

perineal

Question 8

innervation to testes

Answer 8

caudal mesenteric plexus

Question 9

blood supply to testes

Answer 9

testicular artery and vein

Question 10

epididymis function

Answer 10

matures and stores sperm

Question 11

3 regions of epididymis

Answer 11

head
body
tail

Question 12

in what regions of epididymis does sperm mature

Answer 12

head and body

Question 13

in what region of epididymis is sperm stored

Answer 13

tail

Question 14

location of epididymis i nhorse and dog

Answer 14

intermediate testes

Question 15

location of epididymis in pig and cat

Answer 15

perineal testes

Question 16

where do testis descend to? and what does this form

Answer 16

through parietal peritoneum
create visceral peritoneum

Question 17

what 3 structures will eventually surround spermatic cord

Answer 17

visceral vaginal tunic = visceral peritoneum
vaginal cavity
parietal vaginal tunic

Question 18

each testis is inside 1 _________

Answer 18

scrotal cavity

Question 19

each testis has its own: (4 structures)

Answer 19

visceral and parietal vaginal tunics
cremaster
spermatic fascia

Question 20

3 regions of spermatic cord

Answer 20

-ductus deferens and nerve
-testicular blood and lymphatic vessels
-visceral vaginal tunic

Question 21

blood supply to spermatic cord

Answer 21

testicular artery

Question 22

cremaster innervation and action

Answer 22

genital branch of urogenital nerve
raise testes during cold weather, arousal, copulation and fighting

Question 23

blood supply to scrotum

Answer 23

external pudendal artery

Question 24

4 nerves that innervate scrotum

Answer 24

-lumbar nerves
-iliohypogastric
-ilioinguinal
-genitofemoral

Question 25

what structure is common for both testes (hint: covering)

Answer 25

single pouch of skin covered internally by dartos

Question 26

what regions make up the scrotum (4)

Answer 26

-spermatic cord
dartos
skin
scrotal septum

Question 27

2 layers of spermatic fascia

Answer 27

inner layer
outer layer

Question 28

origin of cremaster muscle

Answer 28

internus abdominis at inguinal ring

Question 29

structures involved in testis thermoregulation: cooling (2)

Answer 29

pampiniform plexus
thin scrotal skin

Question 30

structures involved in testis thermoregulation: warming

Answer 30

dartos
cremaster

Question 31

what temperature do testes need to be at for spermatogenesis

Answer 31

2-5 degrees C below body temperature

Question 32

what process is sensitive to temperature in testis

Answer 32

spermatogenesis

Question 33

rationale for castration (4)

Answer 33

avoid reproduction
facilitate management
promote weight gain in cattle
improve meat quality in pigs

Question 34

3 castration methods

Answer 34

surgical
burdizzo
rubber band

Question 35

burdizzo method of castration

Answer 35

preserve blood supply to scrotum
alter blood supply to testes to cause atrophy of testes

Question 36

rubber band method of castration

Answer 36

interrupt both scrotal and testicular blood supply to cause necrosis

Question 37

which method is used among all domestic mammals

Answer 37

surgical method

Question 38

process of testis descent

Answer 38

testis begin on parietal peritoneum surrounding abdominal cavity
testis descend through parietal peritoneum into abdominal cavity
testis completely descend through abdominal cavity to caudal border of parietal peritoneum near body wall
testis invaginate into body wall and are surrounded by visceral and parietal vaginal tunic (peritoneum)