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Anatomy I > Lecture 25: Thorax IV, Heart > Flashcards

Lecture 25: Thorax IV, Heart Flashcards

1
Q

why is cardiovascular system necessary

A

for diffusion to occur in all regions in body

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2
Q

3 layers of heart

A

-epicardium
-endocardium
-myocardium

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3
Q

pericardium: definition and components

A

-membrane enclosing the heart
-consists of pleura, fibrous layer and parietal layer

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4
Q

the parietal layer forms what

A

pericardium

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5
Q

visceral layer forms what

A

epicardium

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6
Q

sternopericardial/phrenicopericardial ligament

A

connect fibrous pericardium to diaphragm

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7
Q

4 valves in heart

A

-pulmonary semilunar
-right atrioventricular/tricuspid
-aortic semilunar
-left atrioventricular/bicuspid

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8
Q

2 auricles of heart

A

right and left

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9
Q

where are auricles located in heart

A

on dorsal surface of atria

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10
Q

what structure separates the atria from ventricles

A

coronary sulcus

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11
Q

what structure separates ventricles

A

interventricular sulcus

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12
Q

conus arteriosus

A

-cone shaped outflow/bulge tract of right ventricle that indicates narrowing of chamber toward pulmonary trunk
-located between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

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13
Q

where is right auricle located (next to what?)

A

next to cranial vena cava

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14
Q

myocardium is

A

cardiac muscle

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15
Q

tricuspid valve: location

A

between right atrium and right ventricle

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16
Q

tricuspid valve aka

A

right atrioventricular valve

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17
Q

bicuspid valve: location

A

between left atrium and left ventricle

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18
Q

bicuspid valve aka

A

left atrioventricular valve

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19
Q

interventricular septum

A

wall of myocardium separating left and right ventricles

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20
Q

what muscles contract atrial walls

A

pectinate muscles

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21
Q

where are pectinate muscles located specifically

A

myocardium

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22
Q

what 3 structures constitute atrioventricular valves

A

-cusps
-chordae tendinae
-papillary muscles

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23
Q

papillary muscle function

A

anchor chordae tendinae to prevent backflow

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24
Q

function of left AV valve (bicuspid)

A

prevent leakage of blood back to left atrium during ventricular contraction (Systole)

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25
Q

function of right AV valve (tricuspid)

A

prevent leakage of blood back to right atrium during ventricular contraction

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26
Q

trabecula septomarginalis aka

A

moderator band

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27
Q

trabecula septomarginalis vs trabeculae carneae

A

-trabecula septomarginalis only found in right ventricle in mammals
-trabeculae carneae found in both ventricles

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28
Q

semilunar valves are found where

A

at the bases of large vessels/arteries located within the heart

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29
Q

aortic semilunar valve: location and function

A

allow movement of blood from aorta to prevent it from returning to left ventricle

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30
Q

pulmonary semilunar valve: location and function

A

located between pulmonary artery and right ventricle
-once closed, ventricles can fill with blood

31
Q

ideal sites for auscultation of heart valves

A

puncta maxima

32
Q

which arteries are the first branches of the aorta

A

coronary arteries (left and right)

33
Q

where do coronary arteries originate from

A

aortic semilunar valve

34
Q

where is coronary sinus located

A

atrioventricular sulcus (between left atrium and left ventricle)

35
Q

where do coronary veins drain into

A

coronary sinus

36
Q

what structure opens into the right atrium

A

coronary sinus

37
Q

what vein runs in the coronary sulcus

A

coronary sinus

38
Q

what is the coronary sinus (importance)

A

largest coronary vein
receives drainage from many veins

39
Q

small coronary vein location

A

drains into coronary sinus

40
Q

where does coronary sinus terminate

A

right atrium

41
Q

how conduction/action potentials spread through heart

A

originates in SA node –> depolarization –> AV node –> right and left bundles –> purkinje fibers

42
Q

location of sinoatrial node

A

right atrium

43
Q

location of right and left bundles

A

interventricular septum

44
Q

location of purkinje fibers

A

apex of heart

45
Q

where do pectinate muscles end

A

crista terminalis

46
Q

extrinsic innervation of the heart: 2 nervous systems

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

47
Q

parasympathetic control of heart: nerve

A

vagus

48
Q

cardiac plexus

A

bundle of nerves located at base of heart that innervate the heart

49
Q

2 parts of cardiac plexus

A

-deep/caudal
-superficial/cranial

50
Q

superficial/cranial portion of cardiac plexus location

A

beneath aortic arch, in front of right pulmonary artery

51
Q

what 2 nerves form superficial/cranial part of cardiac plexus

A

left sympathetic trunk/nerves
left vagus nerves

52
Q

what 3 nerves form deep/caudal part of cardiac plexus

A

right sympathetic trunk (T1-T4)
right vagus nerve
right recurrent laryngeal nerve

53
Q

effect of vagus nerve on heart: parasympathetic

A

lower heart rate
reduce force of contraction
vasoconstriction of coronary arteries

54
Q

effect of sympathetic efferent fibers on heart

A

increase heart rate
increase force of contraction of myocardium

55
Q

which side of the heart is larger (aka which myocardial layer is thicker)

A

left

56
Q

why is the left side of the heart (ventricles) bigger than the right side

A

has to pump blood to body (vs just the lungs)

57
Q

endocardium made of what kind of tissue

A

endothelium

58
Q

what 3 layers make up the pericardium

A

-pleura
-fibrous layer
-parietal layer

59
Q

organzation of pericardium

A

inner parietal layer
fibrous layer in the middle
pleura is outermost layer

60
Q

what kind of tissue is fibrous pericardial layer made out of

A

dense irregular connective tissue

61
Q

function of fibrous pericardial layer

A

-anchor heart
-protect heart
-prevent overfilling of blood in heart (not elastic)

62
Q

interventricular sulcus aka

A

paraconal groove

63
Q

coronary circulation process (from left ventricle to pulmonary circuit)

A

left ventricle –> aortic semilunar valve –> ascending aorta –> right and left coronary arteries –> right coronary artery branches into right circumflex artery, left coronary artery branches into left circumflex artery –> supplies myocardium –> coronary/cardiac veins –> blood drains into coronary sinus –> right atrium –> right ventricle –> pulmonary circuit

64
Q

what do left and right coronary arteries supply (to heart)

A

myocardium

65
Q

3 veins of the heart

A

-great coronary/cardiac vein
-small coronary/cardiac vein
-coronary sinus

66
Q

left circumflex artery branches into

A

interventricular paraconal artery

67
Q

location of left circumflex and interventricular paraconal arteries

A

left ventricle

68
Q

coronary sinus is a large

A

vein

69
Q

what kind of blood is located in coronary sinus (from myocardium)

A

deoxygenated

70
Q

what kind of blood is moving through coronary arteries (before reaching myocardium)

A

oxygenated

71
Q

pulmonary circulation process (from right ventricle to left ventricle)

A

right ventricle –> pulmonary semilunar valves –> pulmonary trunk –> splits into right and left pulmonary arteries –> through hilum to lungs –> gas exchange b/w alveoli –> blood drains into pulmonary veins –> bring oxygenated blood to left atrium –> mitral valve –> left ventricle

72
Q

what kind of blood is carried by right and left pulmonary arteries

A

deoxygenated

73
Q

arteries function

A

take blood away from heart

74
Q

veins function

A

bring blood back to heart

Anatomy I (35 decks)

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