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Anatomy I > Lecture 28: Abdomen I Functional Anatomy of the Wall > Flashcards

Lecture 28: Abdomen I Functional Anatomy of the Wall Flashcards

1
Q

functions of abdominal wall during contraction (4)

A

-compression of abdominal viscera
-expiration, urination, defecation, parturition

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2
Q

3 ventral abdominal wall regions (surface anatomy)

A

-cranial abdominal region
-middle abdominal region
-caudal abdominal region

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3
Q

ventral abdominal wall cranial abdominal region: 3 subregions

A

-xiphoid
-left and right hypochondriac region

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4
Q

ventral abdominal wall middle abdominal region: 4 subregions

A

-umbilicus
-left and right lateral regions
-umbilical region

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5
Q

ventral abdominal wall caudal abdominal region: 3 subregions

A

-left and right inguinal regions
-pubic region

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6
Q

which regions are inguinal ligament and superficial inguinal ring found in

A

left and right inguinal regions

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7
Q

lateral abdominal wall surface anatomy: 3 areas

A

-dorsal
-ventral
-xiphoid process

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8
Q

lateral abdominal wall surface anatomy: dorsal region

A

lumbar

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9
Q

lateral abdominal wall: 3 subregions of ventral region

A

-cranial
-middle
-caudal

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10
Q

lateral abdominal wall surface anatomy beginning at xiphoid process

A

Xiphoid process –> last rib –> umbilicus –> lumbar spinous process –> lumbar transverse process (large) –> iliac crest (tuber coxae) –> pubis (medial to hindlimb) –> Greater trochanter (femur) –> tuber ischiarum

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11
Q

what is a trait/feature that defines all mammals

A

mammary glands

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12
Q

mammary glands: anatomy definition

A

modified, enlarged sweat glands

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13
Q

mammary glands: 2 products of interest

A

-colostrum
-milk

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14
Q

colostrum: definition and function (when is it produced)

A

-modified milk produced immediately after parturition
-passive transfer of immunity to newborn
-alkaline secretion with higher protein, vitamin A and antibodies

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15
Q

mammary gland composition

A

-compound tubuloalveolar gland
-consists of secretory units grouped into lobules by intervening connective tissue septa

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16
Q

bovine udder: what kind of teats

A

supernumerary

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17
Q

supernumerary teats: definition

A

-more developed glands

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18
Q

problem with supernumerary teats

A

may interfere with milking –> often removed from udders of cows and goats

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19
Q

udders specialization: venous drainage

A

drains to internal thoracic and external + internal pudendal veins

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20
Q

udders specialization: lymphatic drainage

A

from mammary lymph node

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21
Q

innervation of abdominal wall: flank and udder (5)

A

Last intercostal
Costoabdominal
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
Genitofemoral

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22
Q

3 holes in abdominal diaphragm

A

-caval foramen
-esophageal hiatus
-aortic hiatus

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23
Q

what passes through caval foramen

A

caudal vena cava

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24
Q

what passes through esophageal hiatus

A

-esophagus
-vagal trunks

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25
Q

what passes through aortic hiatus

A

-aorta
-azygous vein
-thoracic duct

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26
Q

right and left crura: definition and function

A

-tendinous insertions that connect diaphragm to body wall

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27
Q

caval-caval anastamosis: definition

A

venous blood can be returned to heart from either cranial or caudal vena cava

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28
Q

2 caval-caval anastamoses in abdominal wall

A

-superficial
-deep

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29
Q

superficial caval-caval anastamosis: definition, vessels, supply to

A

-within superficial fascia of ventral abdominal wall
-between cranial and caudal superficial epigastric vessels
-supply blood to superficial layers including mammary glands

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30
Q

muscle layers of abdominal wall (4)

A

-external abdominal oblique
-internal abdominal oblique
-transversus abdominis
-rectus abdominis

31
Q

rectus abdominis, external and internal oblique: 2 unique actions

A

-flex vertebral column when fellow muscles contract
-unilateral bending of vertebral column

32
Q

what is a specialization of external abdominal oblique

A

inguinal ligament

33
Q

inguinal ligament

A

gap where caudal edge of external abdominal oblique doesn’t have bony insertion

34
Q

superficial inguinal ring is found in what muscle layer

A

external abdominal oblique

35
Q

superficial inguinal ring: definition and function

A

-opening between abdominal and pelvic tendons of external abdominal oblique
-allows passage of vessels and spermatic cord in males

36
Q

what passes through the inguinal canal in males and females (3)

A

-external pudendal artery
-efferent vessels from inguinal lymph nodes
-genitofemoral nereve

37
Q

what passes through inguinal canal in males only

A

-spermatic cord

38
Q

components of spermatic cord (5)

A

-testicular artery and vein
-deferent artery and vein
-ductus deferens
-cremaster muscle
-spermatic fascia

39
Q

cremaster muscle: definition and action

A

-muscle slip detached from internal oblique that passes onto spermatic cord
-pulls in testes for temperature regulation

40
Q

what is the deepest muscle of the lateral abdominal wall

A

transversus abdominis

41
Q

specialization of internal oblique

A

cremaster muscle

42
Q

what nerves innervate the abdominal wall

A

ventral rami/lumbar nerves

43
Q

what axons are found in lumbar nerves (3)

A

-motor
-sensory
-postganglionic sympathetic

44
Q

what abdominal muscle is homologous to rectus thoracis

A

rectus abdominis

45
Q

rectus abdominis: origin and insertion

A

O: sternum and costal cartilages
I: prepubic tendon to pubic brim

46
Q

what is the common insertion for the abdominal muscles and the linea alba

A

prepubic tendon

47
Q

transversalis fascia

A

lining of fascia deep to transversus abdominis that contacts peritoneum of abdominal cavity

48
Q

transversalis fascia aka

A

subserous fascia because adjacent to peritoneum (serous membrane)

49
Q

innervation of abdominal muscles (4)

A

last 8-9 intercostal nerves
costoabdominal nerve
iliohypogastric nerve
ilioinguinal nerve

50
Q

layers of abdominal wall muscles: superficial to deep

A

-skin
-superficial fascia
-external abdominal oblique
-internal abdominal oblique
-transversus abdominis
-transversalis fascia
-peritoneum

51
Q

What forms the linea alba

A

Rectus sheath

52
Q

Parent artery for cranial epigastric artery

A

Internal thoracic artery

53
Q

Rectus sheath definition

A

Aponeuroses of abdominal wall muscles coming together at midline

54
Q

Why is body wall weaker caudal to umbilicus

A

Aponeuroses of internal oblique and transversus abdominis change relative position to Rectus abdominis

55
Q

Rectus sheath: cranial to umbilicus

A

-superficial: external oblique, internal oblique splits around Rectus abdominis
-deep: transversus abdominis, epigastric arteries and veins

56
Q

Rectus sheath: caudal to umbilicus

A

-superficial: external oblique, entire internal oblique
-deep: transversus abdominis, epigastric arteries and veins

57
Q

Rectus sheath: near pubis

A

-superficial: external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis
-lateral: epigastric arteries and veins

58
Q

Importance of linea alba

A

Site of superficial fascia and rectus aponeurosis where surgical approaches will not damage muscle tissue

59
Q

What is a natural passageway from abdominal cavity out to abdominal wall

A

Inguinal canal

60
Q

What structure is the abdominal entrance

A

Deep Inguinal ring

61
Q

What structure is the exit from the Inguinal canal

A

Superficial Inguinal ring

62
Q

Hernia definition

A

Displacement and protrusion of part of an organ through walls of body cavity

63
Q

2 types of abdominal hernias

A

-umbilical
-Inguinal

64
Q

Umbilical hernia

A

Abdominal contents protrude into overlying subcutaneous fascia

65
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

Abdominal contents pass through Inguinal canal and may project into scrotum in males

66
Q

Deep muscles of dorsal abdominal wall (3)

A

-psoas major
-psoas minor
-quadratus lumborum

67
Q

Psoas major, psoas minor, quadratus lumborum innervation

A

Lumbar ventral rami

68
Q

Psoas major action

A

-flex hip joint
-draw pelvic limb forward

69
Q

Psoas minor action

A

Flex lumbar vertebral column

70
Q

Quadratus lumborum action

A

-stabilize lumbar vertebral column
-assist in lateral bending

71
Q

Passage of lumbar ventral rami in abdominal wall

A

-Through transversus abdominis close to transverse processes
-run deep to internal oblique toward ventral wall

72
Q

Blood supply of abdominal wall deep to rectus abdominis within rectus sheath

A

Cranial and caudal epigastric arteries

73
Q

(Deep) Cranial and caudal epigastric arteries definition

A

Anastamoses between continuation of internal thoracic and external iliac arteries

74
Q

(Deep) Cranial and caudal epigastric veins definition

A

Anastamoses between caudal and cranial vena cava drainage

Anatomy I (35 decks)

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