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Anatomy I > Lecture 1 Intro To Anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Intro To Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical position definition

A

Standing squarely on all 4 limbs with head and tail extended

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2
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the back

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3
Q

Ventral

A

Toward the belly

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4
Q

Rostral aka

A

Cranial

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5
Q

Rostral

A

Closer to head along main body axis

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6
Q

Caudal

A

Closer to tail along main body axis

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7
Q

The hindlimb is ________ to the forelimb

A

Caudal

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8
Q

Thorax is _______ to the pelvis

A

Rostral

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9
Q

Which plane divides the animal into equal right and left halves

A

Median

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10
Q

Is the median plane unique

A

Yes, only have 1

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11
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side of median plane

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12
Q

Contralateral

A

On opposite side in median plane

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13
Q

Medial

A

Towards midline (or median plane)

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14
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline

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15
Q

How do we describe medial/lateral in limbs

A

Refer to inner and outer surfaces of limb

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16
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Parallel to median plane

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17
Q

How many sagittal planes are there

A

Infinite

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18
Q

Dorsal plane

A

Define dorsal vs ventral

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19
Q

How are limbs described in dorsal plane

A

-Dorsal = front of paws
-Palmar/plantar = rear/underside of forepaw and hindpaw

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20
Q

Transverse plane definition

A

Longitudinal plane perpendicular to median and dorsal planes

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21
Q

Transverse plane defines ________ vs ___________

A

Cranial vs caudal

22
Q

How are limbs described in transverse plane

A

-proximal region is closer to trunk
-paw is most distal
-cranial and caudal refer to front and rear surfaces proximal to carpus and tarsus

23
Q

Superficial

A

Towards surface of body or surface of solid organ

24
Q

Deep

A

Away from surface of body

25
Q

Skin is __________ to cutaneous trunci muscle

A

Superficial

26
Q

Vertebral column is _________ to skin and back muscles

A

Deep

27
Q

4 basic tissues

A

-epithelium
-connective tissue
-muscle
-nervous tissue

28
Q

2 types of microscopy

A

-light microscopy
-electron microscopy

29
Q

2 types of electron microscopy

A

-transmission electron microscopy
-scanning electron microscopy

30
Q

How Light microscopy works

A

-photons interact with tissue components
-light is focused with optical lens
-histological stains

31
Q

How electron microscopy works

A

-electrons interact with tissue components
-electrons focused with electromagnetic lens

32
Q

What does TEM show

A

Internal structure

33
Q

Areas that are electron dense in TEM appear

A

-dark because not many electrons have passed through

34
Q

Areas that are electron lucent in TEM appear

A

Lighter grey color because more electrons have passed through

35
Q

What does SEM show

A

External or surface structures

36
Q

4 steps to prepare stained slides

A

-fixation
-embedding
-sectioning
-staining

37
Q

Fixation

A

Stop biological processes

38
Q

Embedding

A

Stabilize

39
Q

Sectioning

A

Slice

40
Q

2 basic types of stains/dyes

A

-basophilic
-acidophilic

41
Q

Basophilic stain definition and appearance

A

-interact with acidic structures
-acidic components appear blue or purple

42
Q

Example of basophilic stain

A

Hematoxylin

43
Q

Acidophilic stain definition and appearance

A

-interact with basic structures
-turn components pink, red or orange

44
Q

Example of acidophilic stain

A

Eosin

45
Q

What is the most common stain used

A

-H & E (combination of hematoxylin and eosin)

46
Q

Which dye is used to stain collagen fibers blue or green

A

Trichome

47
Q

Which stain is used to stain carbohydrates magenta or purple

A

Periodic acid shift (PAS)

48
Q

Which stain is used to stain elastic fibers reddish brown or black

A

Orcein

49
Q

Artifacts: general definition

A

Something that is artificially made by people

50
Q

Artifacts: histological definition

A

-Tissue shrinkage and lost molecules
-cracks and spaces in tissue under microscope

Anatomy I (35 decks)

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