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Anatomy I > Lecture 44: Female Reproductive Microanatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 44: Female Reproductive Microanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the female gonads

A

ovaries

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2
Q

what are the glands responsible for oogenesis and steroidogenesis

A

ovaries

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3
Q

oogenesis: definition

A

formation of oocyte
exocrine

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4
Q

steroidogenesis: definition

A

production and release of sex hormones
estrogen and progesterone

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5
Q

2 regions of ovary

A

cortex
medulla

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6
Q

ovary: cortex contents

A

oocytes and somatic cells

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7
Q

medulla contents: ovary

A

connective tissue
vessels
nerves

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8
Q

surface epithelium of ovary aka

A

mesothelium

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9
Q

2 types of somatic cells in ovary

A

granulosa
theca

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10
Q

functional unit of ovary

A

follicle

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11
Q

folliculogenesis

A

maturation process of ovarian follicles which ends with ovulation and corpus luteum formation

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12
Q

3 components of ovarian follicle

A

theca cells
granulosa cells
oocyte

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13
Q

atresia definition

A

degeneration of follicle

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14
Q

3/4 steps of folliculogenesis

A

recruitment
selection
ovulation OR atresia

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15
Q

recruitment: folliculogenesis

A

primordial follicle –> primary follicle

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16
Q

selection: folliculogenesis (assuming ovulation pathway)

A

secondary follicle –> tertiary/dominant follicle –> ovulation

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17
Q

selection: folliculogenesis (atresia pathway)

A

secondary follicle –> atretic/subordinate follicle –> atresia

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18
Q

what does tertiary/dominant follicle become

A

primary oocyte

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19
Q

preantral means

A

primordial/primitive

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20
Q

3 preantral follicle types

A

primordial
primary
secondary

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21
Q

2 antral follicle types

A

tertiary
atretic

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22
Q

primordial follicle: definition, maintained by, components

A

formed during prenatal development
maintained by mullerian inhibiting substance
components: primary oocyte, undifferentiated granulosa and theca cells

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23
Q

primary follicle: formed by, composition

A

recruited follicles as a result of activation induced by Activin A
composition: primary oocyte, differentiating granulosa and theca cells, zona pellucida covering oocyte, granulosa cells producing estrogens from androgens
-FSH from pituitary dependent

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24
Q

what do granulosa cells secrete

A

Activin A
estrogens
follicular fluid within cavities

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25
Q

what do theca cells secrete

A

androgens

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26
Q

secondary follicle: formed by, composition

A

dependence from FSH to LH, select dominant follicle
primary oocyte, zona pellucida, granulosa cells, differentiated theca cells, gradual production of antrum cavity

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27
Q

tertiary follicle: formed by, composition

A

results from selection
dependent on LH
antrum dominant, same composition as secondary follicle + corona radiata and cumulus oophorus

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28
Q

what secretion reduces FSH secretion

A

inhibine from LH

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29
Q

what is the female meiotic germ cell (meiosis I)

A

oocyte

30
Q

oocyte is analogous to what male germ cell

A

primary spermatocyte

31
Q

ovulation definition

A

process of follicle rupture to expel oocyte as a result of preovulatory surge of LH

32
Q

3 steps of ovulation

A

follicular wall breaks
oocyte is expelled
oocyte completes meiosis I

33
Q

corpus luteum formation: process (2)

A

corpus hemorrhagicum: ruptured follicle fills with blood, clot forms
corpus luterum: clot removed, walls collapse and both theca and granulosa cells transform into luteal cells that secrete progesterone

34
Q

what happens to corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur

A

corpus albicans
cells degenerate by influence of PGFalpha –> luteolysis
replaced by collagen rich scar

35
Q

function of corpus luteum during pregnancy

A

maintain pregnancy by secreting progesterone

36
Q

where is PGFalpha secreted (by what structure)

A

endometrium

37
Q

PGFalpha function/effects

A

induce loss of blood vessels
corpus luteum dies due to ischemia
hyaline necrosis

38
Q

if implantation occurs: response

A

hormones from trophoblast signal endometrium to not release PGFalpha
corpus luteum does not undergo luteolysis

39
Q

2 cell types in corpus luteum

A

granulosa lutein cells
theca lutein cells

40
Q

which cells produce progesteron

A

granulosa lutein cells

41
Q

which cells produce estrogen

A

theca lutein cells

42
Q

uterine tubes aka

A

oviducts

43
Q

2 cell types in mucosa: uterine tubes

A

ciliated cells
peg cells

44
Q

peg cells: function

A

secrete fluid for survival of sperm, oocyte and embryo
in uterine tubes

45
Q

what is the mesosalpynx

A

serosa in uterine tubes

46
Q

4 layers of uterus

A

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium
mesometrium

47
Q

2 muscle layers of myometrium: uterus

A

longitudinal muscle
circular muscle

48
Q

what separates the 2 muscle layers of myometrium

A

connective tissue

49
Q

what is the mesometrium in the uterus

A

broad ligament

50
Q

function of mesometrium in uterus

A

enclose uterine horn

51
Q

what layer of uterus is lamina propria located

A

endometrium

52
Q

do domestic mammals menstruate

A

no

53
Q

what kind of cycle do domestic mammals have

A

estrus

54
Q

2 layers/regions of endometrium: uterus

A

stratum functionale
stratum basale

55
Q

stratum functionale epithelium: uterus

A

simple columnar

56
Q

stratum basale cells: uterus

A

mesenchymal cells
stroma

57
Q

2 regions of cervix

A

endocervix
ectocervix

58
Q

endocervix vs extocervix: epithelium

A

endocervix: stratified columnar
ectocervix: stratified squamous nonkeratinized

59
Q

vagina: innate defense mechanism

A

contains population of nonpathogenic bacteria that keep under control pathogenic bacteria
stimulated by estrogens –> epithelium will produce and release glycogen that is metabolized by bacteria into lactic acid –> lowers pH (acidic) for protection

60
Q

is semen acidic or alkaline

A

alkaline

61
Q

2 types of secretion: mammary glands

A

apocrine - lipids
merocrine - proteins

62
Q

nonlactating mammary glands: features (4)

A

simple cuboidal
gland component is sparse
stroma of dense CT
myoepithelial cells surround terminal duct

63
Q

lactating mammary glands: 2 cells

A

secreting cells
inactive cells

64
Q

what do lactating mammary glands secrete

A

milk

65
Q

secreting vs inactive cells epithelium: mammary glands

A

secreting = simple columnar
inactive = simple cuboidal

66
Q

lactating mammary glands: features (3)

A

gland component is abundant
stroma of loose CT
myoepithelial cells surround alveoli

67
Q

mammary glands: duct system path

A

teat sinus –> teat sphincter –> papillary duct –> teat orifice

68
Q

what is the corpus hemorrhagicum

A

structure formed during 1st face of corpus luteum formation
when ruptured follicle fills with blood and a clot is formed

69
Q

what is the corpus albicans

A

structure formed when pregnancy goes not occur
secretion of PGFalpha by endometrium causes degeneration of cells

70
Q

which cells produce estrogens and at what stage in folliculogenesis does this occur

A

granulosa cells
primary follice

71
Q

which cells secrete androgens

A

theca cells

Anatomy I (35 decks)

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