Lecture 23: Thorax II, Mediastinum

Question 1

Contents of mediastinum (7)

Answer 1

-heart
-great vessels
-esophagus
-trachea
-autonomic and phrenic nerves
-lymphatics
-thymus

Question 2

Pleura definition and function

Answer 2

-Serous membrane that encloses lungs and lines thoracic cavity
-allows external surfaces of lobes of lung to smoothly glide during expansion and deflation during respiration

Question 3

Parietal pleura

Answer 3

Lines thoracic cavity

Question 4

Visceral pleura

Answer 4

Lines lungs

Question 5

9 great vessels

Answer 5

-aorta (ascending)
-left subclavian artery
-right subclavian artery
-brachiocephalic trunk
-left carotid artery
-cranial vena cava
-caudal vena cava
-right brachiocephalic vein
-right jugular vein

Question 6

Which 4 great vessels bring deoxygenated blood to heart

Answer 6

-right jugular vein
-right brachiocephalic vein
-cranial vena cava
-caudal vena cava

Question 7

Pleural cavities contain

Answer 7

Right and left contain lungs and pleura

Question 8

3 main arteries branching off aorta

Answer 8

-brachiocephalic trunk
-left subclavian artery
-left common carotid artery

Question 9

Brachiocephalic trunk (artery) divides into

Answer 9

Right common carotid artery
Right subclavian artery

Question 10

Left subclavian artery divides into

Answer 10

Left internal thoracic artery

Question 11

Right subclavian artery divides into

Answer 11

Right internal thoracic artery

Question 12

Trachea definition

Answer 12

Flexible, cartilaginous and membranous tube

Question 13

Where does trachea extend to

Answer 13

From larynx to 4th/5th intercostal space

Question 14

How many lobes does right lung have

Answer 14

4

Question 15

What are the 4 lobes of right lung

Answer 15

Cranial
Middle
Caudal
Accessory

Question 16

How many lobes does left lung have

Answer 16

2

Question 17

2 lobes of left lung

Answer 17

Cranial
Caudal

Question 18

Which view/plane can you see accessory lobe of right lung

Answer 18

Ventral

Question 19

Hilum definition

Answer 19

Anatomical gateway to lung

Question 20

Where do pulmonary veins go

Answer 20

Exit lung, carry oxygenated blood to heart

Question 21

Where do pulmonary arteries go

Answer 21

Enter lung, bring deoxygenated blood from heart

Question 22

Pulmonary ligament

Answer 22

Fold of pleura that surrounds entirety of hilum

Question 23

Trachea branches to form __________

Answer 23

Bronchial tree

Question 24

3 segments of bronchial tree

Answer 24

-primary bronchi
-secondary bronchi
-segmental bronchi

Question 25

Which artery supplies the lungs

Answer 25

Bronchial artery

Question 26

Thoracic duct definition

Answer 26

-Extension of cisterna chyli into thoracic cavity
-runs between azygous vein and aorta

Question 27

Lymph definition

Answer 27

Clear, colorless extracellular fluid from tissue spaces that contains white blood cells

Question 28

Where is lymph stored

Answer 28

Cisterna chyli

Question 29

Thoracic duct function

Answer 29

Bring lymph into cranial vena cava from cisterna chyli

Question 30

4 types of pleural effusion

Answer 30

Pyothorax
Chylothorax
Hemothorax
Hydrothorax

Question 31

Pyothorax

Answer 31

Pus

Question 32

Chylothorax

Answer 32

Lymph

Question 33

Hydrothorax

Answer 33

Serous fluid

Question 34

Purpose of thoracocentesis

Answer 34

Therapeutic - relieve respiratory distress
Diagnostic

Question 35

how do lung parenchyma receive oxygenated blood (from which artery)

Answer 35

bronchial artery

Question 36

cisterna chyli: definition and location

Answer 36

-large lymph collection structure
-caudal to aortic hiatus of diaphragm

Question 37

thymus

Answer 37

gland in lymphatic system that makes T cells
sits between lungs, behind sternum