Lecture 23: Thorax II, Mediastinum Flashcards
Contents of mediastinum (7)
-heart
-great vessels
-esophagus
-trachea
-autonomic and phrenic nerves
-lymphatics
-thymus
Pleura definition and function
-Serous membrane that encloses lungs and lines thoracic cavity
-allows external surfaces of lobes of lung to smoothly glide during expansion and deflation during respiration
Parietal pleura
Lines thoracic cavity
Visceral pleura
Lines lungs
9 great vessels
-aorta (ascending)
-left subclavian artery
-right subclavian artery
-brachiocephalic trunk
-left carotid artery
-cranial vena cava
-caudal vena cava
-right brachiocephalic vein
-right jugular vein
Which 4 great vessels bring deoxygenated blood to heart
-right jugular vein
-right brachiocephalic vein
-cranial vena cava
-caudal vena cava
Pleural cavities contain
Right and left contain lungs and pleura
3 main arteries branching off aorta
-brachiocephalic trunk
-left subclavian artery
-left common carotid artery
Brachiocephalic trunk (artery) divides into
Right common carotid artery
Right subclavian artery
Left subclavian artery divides into
Left internal thoracic artery
Right subclavian artery divides into
Right internal thoracic artery
Trachea definition
Flexible, cartilaginous and membranous tube
Where does trachea extend to
From larynx to 4th/5th intercostal space
How many lobes does right lung have
4
What are the 4 lobes of right lung
Cranial
Middle
Caudal
Accessory
How many lobes does left lung have
2
2 lobes of left lung
Cranial
Caudal
Which view/plane can you see accessory lobe of right lung
Ventral
Hilum definition
Anatomical gateway to lung
Where do pulmonary veins go
Exit lung, carry oxygenated blood to heart
Where do pulmonary arteries go
Enter lung, bring deoxygenated blood from heart
Pulmonary ligament
Fold of pleura that surrounds entirety of hilum
Trachea branches to form __________
Bronchial tree
3 segments of bronchial tree
-primary bronchi
-secondary bronchi
-segmental bronchi
Which artery supplies the lungs
Bronchial artery
Thoracic duct definition
-Extension of cisterna chyli into thoracic cavity
-runs between azygous vein and aorta
Lymph definition
Clear, colorless extracellular fluid from tissue spaces that contains white blood cells
Where is lymph stored
Cisterna chyli
Thoracic duct function
Bring lymph into cranial vena cava from cisterna chyli
4 types of pleural effusion
Pyothorax
Chylothorax
Hemothorax
Hydrothorax
Pyothorax
Pus
Chylothorax
Lymph
Hydrothorax
Serous fluid
Purpose of thoracocentesis
Therapeutic - relieve respiratory distress
Diagnostic
how do lung parenchyma receive oxygenated blood (from which artery)
bronchial artery
cisterna chyli: definition and location
-large lymph collection structure
-caudal to aortic hiatus of diaphragm
thymus
gland in lymphatic system that makes T cells
sits between lungs, behind sternum
