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Anatomy I > Lecture 30: Abdomen III Foregut Anatomy of Canines and Equines > Flashcards

Lecture 30: Abdomen III Foregut Anatomy of Canines and Equines Flashcards

1
Q

celiac artery: 3 branches

A

-splenic
-hepatic
-left gastric

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2
Q

2 branches of splenic artery

A

-left gastroepiploic
-small pancreatic branches

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3
Q

branch of left gastric artery

A

esophageal

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4
Q

3 branches of hepatic artery

A

-proper hepatic
-right gastric
-gastroduodenal

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5
Q

branch of proper hepatic artery

A

cystic

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6
Q

2 branches of gastroduodenal artery

A

-cranial pancreaticoduodenal
-right gastroepiploic

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7
Q

2 anastamoses within celiac artery branches

A

-right and left gastric
-right and left gastroepiploic

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8
Q

innervation of foregut: 3

A

-major and minor splanchnic nerves
-vagal trunks
-periarterial plexuses

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9
Q

periarterial plexuses: what kind of axons travel

A

postganglionic and preganglionic parasympathetics distributed to organs by traveling along with blood vessels

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10
Q

major and minor splanchnic nerves: axons, site of synapse

A

deliver preganglionic sympathetic axons from abdomen to synapse at celiac and cranial mesenteric ganglia

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11
Q

vagal trunks: axons, travel

A

travel through esophageal hiatus
-deliver preganglionic parasympathetic axons to foregut and midgut

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12
Q

where does the esophagus join the stomach after passing through the esophageal hiatus

A

cardia

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13
Q

tissues and cells required for esophagus to transfer food to stomach

A

-stratified squamous epithelial cells for protection
-mucous glands for lubrication
-skeletal and smooth muscle

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14
Q

esophagus is comprised of what kind of muscle tissue(s)

A

interwoven skeletal and smooth muscle

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15
Q

somatic motor innervation: esophagus

A

myenteric plexus between sublayers

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16
Q

transitional anatomy of esophagogastric junction (between esophagus and cardia)

A

stratified squamous to simple columnar with gastric pits

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17
Q

canine GI system: simple

A

GI tract 4x body length

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18
Q

GI of hindgut specialists/equine

A

-12x body length
-elaborated cecum for fermentation
-sacculated colon

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19
Q

GI of foregut specialists/bovine

A

-20x body length
-elaborated stomach for fermentation
-elongated ascending colon

20
Q

functions of stomach (5)

A

-food reservoir
-secrete gastric juices
-rhythmic segmentation begins mechanical breakdown of food and mixes with gastric juices
-forms chyme
-initiate protein digestion

21
Q

rugae definition and function

A

gastric folds that increase surface area and allow for stomach expansion

22
Q

carnivoran stomach regions

A

-cardia
-pylorus
-fundus and body

23
Q

which 2 stomach regions contain mucous glands

A

cardia and pyloris

24
Q

which stomach region secretes gastric juices

A

fundus and body

25
Q

6 cells comprising gastric/fundic glands

A

-surface lining
-regenerative
-mucous neck
-parietal
-chief
-enteroendocrine

26
Q

surface lining cells

A

-secrete visible mucous that adheres to stomach lining to prevent autodigestion
-modify pH at cell membrane

27
Q

mucous neck cells

A

produce soluble mucous that mixes with/lubricates chyme (reduce friction)

28
Q

parietal cells

A

produce HCl

29
Q

chief cells: location

A

at base of gland

30
Q

chief cells

A

produce pepsinogen, rennin and gastric lipase to initiate protein digestion

31
Q

enteroendocrine cells

A

release hormones in response to stimuli that activates enteric NS

32
Q

what will be apparent in active parietal cells

A

more folds

33
Q

initial stage of protein digestion

A

secretion of pepsinogen by chief cells

34
Q

how is pepsinogen activated

A

exposed to stomach acid, cleaves protein molecule

35
Q

what allows for gastric emptying in simple stomachs

A

relaxation of pyloric sphincter and contraction of muscularis externa

36
Q

fundus and body of simple stomachs: serosa

A

-cuboidal mesothelium
-secretes serous fluid into peritoneal cavity for lubrication

37
Q

fundus and body of simple stomachs: muscularis externa

A

inner oblique
middle circular
outer longitudinal

38
Q

pyloric mucosa of simple stomachs: 4 defining characteristics

A

-deep gastric pits
-branching gastric glands
-gastric glands dominated by mucous secreting cells
NO RUGAE

39
Q

which stomach regions contain mucuous glands only

A

pylorus and cardia

40
Q

how/where are gastric glands formed

A

invagination of simple columnar epithelium (of mucosa)
downwards at gastric pits

41
Q

what are gastric pits

A

invaginations
denote entrance to gastric glands

42
Q

which tissue layer contains gastric pits and gastric glands

A

mucosa of stomach

43
Q

the pyloric sphincter is continuous with what muscle layer

A

circular layer of muscularis externa

44
Q

which region of the stomach lacks rugae

A

pylorus

45
Q

which tissue layer are rugae found in

A

mucosa

Anatomy I (35 decks)

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