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Anatomy I > Lectures 6-7: Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Lectures 6-7: Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

basic functions of connective tissue (5)

A

-structural framework
-conducts and translates muscle contractions into movement
-forms stroma of glands and organs
-medium for metabolic exchange
-site of fat and mineral storage

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2
Q

general characteristics of connective tissue (4)

A

-highly vascular
-low cell density
-extensive ECM
-retain stem and mitotic cells for tissue growth

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3
Q

2 components of ECM

A

-ground substance
-fibers

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4
Q

function of ECM

A

-determine physical properties

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5
Q

ground substance features

A

-colorless, transparent, gel like
-highly hydrated

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6
Q

2 macromolecules present in ground substance

A

-proteoglycans
-glycosaminoglycans

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7
Q

glycosaminoglycans features

A

-repeating disaccharide units
-negatively charged

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8
Q

what ion is attracted to glycosaminoglycans

A

sodium

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9
Q

what is the hydrating element of ground substance

A

glycosaminoglycans

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10
Q

proteoglycans definition

A

glycosaminoglycans covalently bonded to core protein

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11
Q

proteoglycans functions (2)

A

-cushion against compression (think sponge)
-aid in material exchange

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12
Q

large aggregates of proteoglycans function

A

-enhance role of glycosaminoglycans
-occupy large volume
-resist fluid movement

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13
Q

2 fibers in ECM

A

-collagen
-elastic

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14
Q

what is the most common protein in the body

A

collagen

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15
Q

collagen function

A

tensile strength (flexible not elastic)

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16
Q

collagen organization (smallest to largest)

A

fibrils –> fibers –> bundles

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17
Q

what determines the type of collagen

A

length and color of fibril bands

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18
Q

periodicity

A

-rate at which the collagen stripes exist
-results from presence of overlap and gap regions between collagen fibrils

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19
Q

which type of collagen is most common

A

type 1

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20
Q

type 1 collagen has highest ____________

A

tensile strength

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21
Q

type 1 collagen under light microscopy

A

-pink fibers and bundles with H and E
-acidophilic

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22
Q

type 2 collagen definition

A

slender fibrils found in cartilage

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23
Q

type III collagen fibers aka

A

reticular fibers

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24
Q

type III/reticular fibers function

A

filter fluid

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25
Q

how are type III fibers stained

A

silver

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26
Q

how do type III/reticular fibers appear

A

-branching, delicate like meshwork

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27
Q

core of elastin surrounded by

A

sheath of microfibrils

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28
Q

elastic always accompanies

A

collagen

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29
Q

elastic fibers vs collagen under miscroscope

A

-elastic: stringy, black
-collagen: thicker, dark pink

30
Q

elastic vs reticular fibers appearance

A

reticular fibers branch, elastic don’t

31
Q

example of connective tissue cell that originates in and permanently resides in CT

A

fibroblasts

32
Q

examples of CT cells that migrate into CT to perform functions

A

-host defense, WBCs
-mast cells, macrophages, plasma cells, leukocytes

33
Q

what is the most abundant and widely distributed fixed cell

A

fibroblast

34
Q

fibroblast appearance

A

elongated, oval nucleus

35
Q

fibrocyte

A

inactive version of fibroblast

36
Q

2 types of adipocytes

A

-unilocular
-multilocular

37
Q

most common adipocyte

A

unilocular

38
Q

unilocular adipocyte

A

-large white cell
-thin rim of cytoplasm
-single lipid droplet

39
Q

where are multilocular adipocytes located

A

brown adipose tissue

40
Q

multilocular adipocyte: definition

A

-fat stored in multiple lipid inclusions (many small droplets)

41
Q

multilocular adipocyte: function

A

-non shivering thermogenesis (heat production)

42
Q

multilocular adipocytes most present in who

A

infants

43
Q

when are mast cells released

A

after exposure to sensitized antigens

44
Q

granules present in mast cells (3)

A

-histamine
-heparin
-leukocyte chemotactic factors

45
Q

histamine function

A

blood vessel permeability, makes cell swell

46
Q

heparin function

A

anticoagulant

47
Q

leukocytic chemotactic factors function

A

attract WBCs

48
Q

where are mast cells found and why

A

-near blood vessels in skin, digestive system and respiratory system
-need to react quickly, come in contact with pathogens/antigens

49
Q

mast cell: normal inflammatory response

A

-antigen exposure –> mast cells release histamine and leukocyte chemotactic factors –> surrounding epithelial cell opens to allow WBCs to come through

50
Q

macrophages originate where

A

bone marrow

51
Q

precursor to macrophages called

A

monocyte

52
Q

macrophages undergo which form of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis

53
Q

macrophages use/have __________ for phagocytosis

A

pseudopodia

54
Q

what gives macrophages bubbly appearance

A

phagosomes and lysosomes

55
Q

plasma cells function

A

synthesize and secrete antibodies

56
Q

what organelle is required to make antibodies

A

rough ER (protein)

57
Q

plasma cells are made by what cells

A

B cells

58
Q

where are plasma cells mainly found

A

GI and respiratory tract

59
Q

general types of connective tissue (4)

A

-loose
-dense
-adipose
-reticular

60
Q

loose CT aka

A

areolar

61
Q

loose CT appearance

A

-sparse, loosely arranged fibers
-looks open
-a lot of ground substance

62
Q

where is loose CT located

A

-beneath epithelium
-near lumen

63
Q

loose CT is the primary site for what kind of reactions

A

immune and inflammatory

64
Q

dense CT appearance

A

-many bundled fibers
-little ground substance
-looks compact

65
Q

different types of dense CT (2)

A

-dense
-irregular

66
Q

irregular vs regular CT

A

-irregular is disorganized, strong is all directions
-regular is linear (nuclei one after the other)

67
Q

reticular tissue appearance

A

delicate, lattice work of reticular fibers

68
Q

where is reticular tissue found

A

-organs that filter = blood or lymph
-endocrine glands

69
Q

How to identify loose connective tissue histology

A

Very few fibers present
Abundance of cells/nuclei

70
Q

How to differentiate skeletal vs cardiac vs smooth muscle under microscope

A

Skeletal = peripherally located, flat nucleus (towards top of striations)
Cardiac = centrally located nucleus, intercalated discs, branching
Smooth = centrally located nucleus, no striations

71
Q

how to identify macrophage under microscope

A

-psuedopodia
-lysosomes

72
Q

how to identify plasma cell under microscope

A

-weird shaped nucleus
-extensive euchromatin in nucleus

Anatomy I (35 decks)

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