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Anatomy I > Lecture 33: Abdomen VI Midgut And Hindgut > Flashcards

Lecture 33: Abdomen VI Midgut And Hindgut Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the vagus nerve stop

A

End of midgut

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2
Q

Topography of midgut/hindgut

A

-right side: duodenum and ascending colon
-mediolateral: transverse colon
-left side: descending colon

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3
Q

What travels within the mesentery to sustain jejunum and ileum

A

Mesenteric vessels and innervation

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4
Q

What are arcades

A

Loops of artery

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5
Q

Vasa recta

A

Straight arteries out to organ

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6
Q

Mesenteric vs anti Mesenteric sides/edges

A

Antimesenteri = opposite to side attached to Mesentery

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7
Q

What arteries supply distal duodenum and jejunum

A

Jejunal arteries

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8
Q

What artery supplies right pancreatic lobe and middle of duodenum

A

Caudal pancreaticoduodenal

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9
Q

Blood supply to ascending colon and terminal end of ileum

A

Ileocolic artery

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10
Q

2 branches of ileocolic artery

A

Cecal
Right colic

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11
Q

Cecal artery supplies

A

Cecum

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12
Q

Right colic artery supplies

A

Right colic flexure (between ascending and transverse colons)

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13
Q

Blood supply to first 2/3 of transverse colon

A

Middle colic

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14
Q

What structures are absent in colon

A

-villi
-digestive glands

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15
Q

Function of goblet cells in colon

A

Secrete mucous to lubricate feces for passage

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16
Q

Where are goblet cells located (specific colon)

A

Transverse colon

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17
Q

Alimentary canal definition

A

Continuous tube
Esophagus —> colon

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18
Q

What tissue layer differs the most along alimentary canal

A

Mucosa

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19
Q

Which tissue layer contracts mucosa for mobility

A

Muscularis mucosa

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20
Q

Plica circulares: features and function

A

-circular folds
-non distensible
-covered with villi to increase surface area of proximal small intestine

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21
Q

What happens to size and number of plica circulares along small intestine (jejunum to ileum)

A

Decrease

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22
Q

specializations for absorptive function along small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)

A

-intestinal villi
-goblet cells and microvilli within simple columnar epithelial cells
-lacteal

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23
Q

what are lacteals

A

specialization lymphatic structure within each villus of small intestine (lymphatic capillaries)
carry absorbed fats away from small intestine

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24
Q

what structure covers surface of each plica circularis

A

intestinal villi

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25
Q

what is each intestinal villus covered with

A

goblet cells and simple columnar epithelial cells with microvilli

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26
Q

predominant function of small intestine

A

absorption

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27
Q

2 hallmarks of small intestine mucosal epithelium

A

-villi
-intestinal crypts

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28
Q

enterocytes definition

A

cell of intestinal lining

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29
Q

2 functions of enterocytes

A

-absorption
-digestion

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30
Q

what 3 features allow for enterocytes absorptive function

A

-tall microvilli
-tight junctions to contain luminal contents
-lateral enfoldings

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31
Q

what 2 features allow for enterocytes digestive function

A

-glycocalyx enzymes
-glycoproteins mixed with mucous creates coating that traps molecule near apical membrane

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32
Q

what structure is present specifically in the proximal portion of the duodenum (closest to pylorus)

A

brunner’s glands

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33
Q

brunner’s glands: definition and function

A

-specialized mucous secreting glands
-protect duodenal lining from acidic chyme delivered from stomach
-secrete peptide hormone urogastrone that inhibits HCl secretion

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34
Q

what kind of epithelium is found in brunners glands

A

tall cuboidal

35
Q

2 structures/features within lamina propria: small intestine

A

-fenestrated capillaries for transport of proteins and carbs
-lacteals for transport of dietary fats

36
Q

what tissue layer of small intestine provides critical host defense

A

lamina propria

37
Q

what is GALT

A

gut associated lymphoid tissue
aggregated nodules of lymphoid tissue

38
Q

peyer’s patches

A

aggregates of GALT

39
Q

where is GALT concentrated

A

lamina propria of ileum

40
Q

Paneth cells: location and function

A

base of crypts of lierbukuhn in small intestine (ileum)
in GALT
innate immunity

41
Q

what 2 cells/structures are in lamina propria of ileum that provides host defense

A

-GALT
-paneth cells

42
Q

what kind of muscle is muscularis mucosa

A

smooth

43
Q

how is muscularis mucosa organized

A

inner circular layer
outer longitudinal layer

44
Q

function of muscularis mucosa in small intestine

A

-move mucosa and lymph

45
Q

where are brunner’s glands only found

A

duodenum

46
Q

where is plicae circularis found (2)

A

jejunum and ileum

47
Q

plicae circularis vs rugae

A

plicae circulares can’t flatten

48
Q

where does material pass through from small intestine to ascending colon (2 structures)

A

ileal orifice and annular fold

49
Q

does the cecum have any specialized functions in carnivorans

A

no

50
Q

shape of cecum

A

spiral

51
Q

where does ileum/small intestine end

A

ileocolic junction

52
Q

rectum and cranial 1/4 of anal canal at end of hindgut: blood supply and innervation

A

hindgut
cranial rectal and left colic

53
Q

what supplies distal descending colon and cranial half of rectum

A

cranial rectal

54
Q

what supplies descending colon and part of transverse colon

A

left colic

55
Q

anastamoses at splenic flexure occurs between

A

middle colic and left colic

56
Q

hallmark of large intestine/colon cross section

A

intestinal glands are straight and regular

57
Q

5 features of mucosal epithelium: colon

A

-simple columnar epithelium
-short microvilli
-invagination into long straight intestinal glands/crypts
-enterocytes
-goblet cells

58
Q

function of enterocytes: colon

A

absorb water
dehydrate feces

59
Q

surface area is __________ in large intestine

A

reduced

60
Q

is absorption important in colon

A

not really

61
Q

specialized cecum in horses

A

-microfauna for microbial fermentation of cellulose
-very large cecum

62
Q

equine cecum similar to

A

forestomach in ruminants

63
Q

functions of lamina propria: colon

A

-host defense
-GALT
-no lymphatic capillaries

64
Q

functions of muscularis mucosa: colon

A

contract intestinal glands
shake loose lodged feces
smooth muscle

65
Q

features of submucosa” colon

A

blood and lymphatic vessels
dense irregular CT

66
Q

lamina propria vs submucosa in colon: spread of cancer

A

-rapidly in submucosa due to lymphatic vessels/capillaries
-no lymphatic vessels in lamina propria

67
Q

2 key features of equine large intestine/colon

A

-haustra
-tenia coli

68
Q

haustra: definition and formed by

A

sacs/segments of colon in equines
formed by specialized muscularis externa
created because tenia coli is shorter than large intestine = bunches up

69
Q

tenia coli

A

outer longitudinal layer reduced to 3 strips (smooth muscle)

70
Q

function of muscularis externa in colon

A

compaction of feces

71
Q

what structure is formed by specialized muscularis externa in colon

A

haustrae

72
Q

how does fecal mass pass through colon (4 processes)

A

-peristalsis
-antiperistalsis
-rhythmic segmentation
-mass movement

73
Q

composition of feces (6)

A

-water and fiber
-mucus
-dead and living bacteria
-contents of anal sacs
-sloughed intestinal cells
-stercobilin pigment

74
Q

what type of epithelium lines rectum and anal canal (and why)

A

stratified squamous epithelium
protection

75
Q

3 features of rectum and anal canal

A

-stratified squamous epithelium
-mucous glands
-skeletal and smooth muscle

76
Q

what kind of muscle are internal and external anal sphincters

A

skeletal muscle

77
Q

where do foregut lymph nodes drain to

A

cisterna chyli

78
Q

what is the largest lymphatic vessel of lymphatic system

A

thoracic duct

79
Q

where does thoracic duct drain to

A

-left brachiocephalic vein

80
Q

what 3 veins drain into gastroduodenal vein

A

-right gastric
-cranial pancreaticoduodenal
-right gastroepiploic

81
Q

what vein drains into splenic vein

A

left gastroepiploic

82
Q

what 3 veins drain into caudal mesenteric vein (hindgut)

A

-middle colic
-left colic
-cranial rectal

83
Q

what 4 veins drain into cranial mesenteric vein (midgut)

A

-jejunal
-caudal pancreaticoduodenal
-ileocolic
-right colic

Anatomy I (35 decks)

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