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Anatomy I > Lecture 22: Thorax I, Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Lecture 22: Thorax I, Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are body walls

A

Heterogenous stratifications of different tissue layers

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2
Q

Thorax definition

A

Cranial trunk between neck and abdomen

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3
Q

Thoracic cavity is protected by what structure

A

Rib cage

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4
Q

Thoracic cavity is limited caudally by what structure

A

Diaphragm

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5
Q

Rib cage definition (formed by what 3 structures)

A

Bony structure formed by ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and sternum

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6
Q

How many ribs do dogs have

A

26 (13 pairs)

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7
Q

6 joints of rib cage

A

-intervertebral
-costovertebral
-costochondral
-sternocostal
-eternal
-intercostal

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8
Q

Costochondral joint definition

A

Strong union of periosteum of ribs and perichondrium of costal cartilage (of sternum)
but not every rib attaches to sternum

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9
Q

Sternocostal joints definition

A

True ribs

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10
Q

4 intervertebral ligaments

A

-supraspinal
-interspinal
-dorsal intervertebral
-ventral intervertebral

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11
Q

Which 2 joints allow volume changes of the thorax

A

-costovertebral
-sternocostal

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12
Q

Where do costovertebral joints attach

A

At head of rib in ball and socket connection

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13
Q

Intercostal joints are

A

False ribs

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14
Q

Articulations of ribs 9-12 vs 1-8

A

1-8: bony portion articulated with vertebrae and cartilaginous portion articulates with sternum
9-12: part of costal arch/false ribs, articulate with adjacent cartilages

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15
Q

How does rib 13 differ

A

-floating rib
-doesn’t articulate with ribs or costal cartilages

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16
Q

Muscles of the thorax (7)

A

-lavatories costarum
-intercostales external
-intercostales interni
-retractor costae
-transversus thoracis
-Rectus thoracis
-diaphragm

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17
Q

Lavatores costarum: OINA

A

O - transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
I - lateral surfaces and cranial borders of dorsal ends of ribs located caudal to vertebral origin
N - intercostal nerves
A - draw ribs in cranially in inspiration and/or produce rotation and lateral flexion of vertebral column

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18
Q

Intercostales externi: OINA

A

O - caudal borders of ribs
I - cranial borders and lateral surfaces of caudal rib
N - intercostal nerves
A - draw ribs cranially in inspiration

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19
Q

Which way to fibers of intercostales externi extend

A

Caudoventrally

20
Q

Intercostales interni: OINA

A

O - cranial borders of ribs
I - caudal borders of preceding ribs
N - intercostal nerves
A - pull ribs caudally during expiration

21
Q

Which way do fibers of intercostales interni extend

A

Cranioventrally

22
Q

Retractor costae: OINA

A

O - transverse processes of first 3/4 lumbar vertebrae
I - caudal borders of last rib
N - lumbar nerves
A - retract last rib during expiration

23
Q

Transversus thoracis: OINA

A

O - eternal ligament at midline
I - cartilages of ribs from 2 to 8
N - spinal nerves
A - draw ribs caudomedially, assisting in expiration

24
Q

Rectus thoracis: OINA

A

O. Ventral region of 1st rib
I - by aponeurosis to origin of Rectus abdominis
N - intercostal nerves
A - advance ribs cranially during inspiration

25
Q

Which 3 thoracic muscles advance the ribs cranially during inspiration

A

Rectus thoracis
Intercostales externi
Lavatories costarum

26
Q

Which 2 thoracic muscles pull ribs caudally during expiration

A

Intercostales interni
Transversus thoracis

27
Q

Diaphragm definition

A

Broad, unpaired muscle that divides thoracic and abdominal cavities

28
Q

4 regions of diaphragm (muscles)

A

-central tendon
-costal regions
-sternal region
-lumbar region

29
Q

What nerve innervates diaphragm

A

Phrenic

30
Q

Origin of costal regions of diaphragm

A

Costal arch

31
Q

Origin of sternal region of diaphragm

A

Xiphoid cartilage

32
Q

Origin of lumbar region of diaphragm

A

Ventral surface of lumbar vertebrae

33
Q

Insertion of costal/sternal/lumbar region of diaphragm

A

Central tendon

34
Q

Action of costal/sternal/lumbar regions of diaphragm

A

Increase volume of thoracic cavity during inspiration

35
Q

Hiatus vs foramen

A

Hiatus = incomplete opening
Foramen = complete opening

36
Q

3 openings in diaphragm

A

-aortic hiatus
-esophageal hiatus
-foramen vena cavae

37
Q

aortic hiatus allows for passage of what 3 structures

A

-aorta
-azygous vein
-thoracic duct

38
Q

Esophageal hiatus allows for passage of what structure

A

Esophagus

39
Q

Foramen vena cavae allows for passage of what structure

A

Caudal vena cava

40
Q

What happens during inspiration (ribs, sternum, diaphragm movements)

A

-diaphragm contracts and moves caudally
-ribs and sternum expand (ribs move dorsally and cranially to expand rib cage, cranial lift of sternum)
-volume of thorax increases

41
Q

Movements of rib cage and diaphragm during expiration

A

-diaphragm moves cranially with relaxation
-ribs move ventrally and caudally to compress rib cage
-sternum compresses caudally and dorsally
-thoracic volume decreases

42
Q

2 main vessels supplying blood to thoracic wall (dorsal and ventral)

A

Dorsal = dorsal intercostal branches off aorta
Ventral = ventral intercostal branches off internal thoracic

43
Q

What do dorsal intercostal arteries do with ventral intercostal branches

A

Anastomose

44
Q

Blood drainage of thoracic wall (dorsal and ventral)

A

Dorsal: to azygous vein
Ventral: to internal thoracic vein

45
Q

Innervation of thoracic wall (hint: which nerves and ramus)

A

-Intercostal nerves within intercostal spaces
-Ventral rami from T1-T11: motor innervation to intercostal muscles,
Sensory afferent from skin
Sympathetic to sweat glands and blood vessels of thoracic/abdominal walls

46
Q

Patterning of intercostal arteries, veins and nerves

A

From top to bottom: artery, vein, nerve
Surrounded by intercostal externi/interni, parietal/visceral pleura

Anatomy I (35 decks)

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