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Anatomy I > Lectures 4-5: Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Lectures 4-5: Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

functions of epithelial tissue (5)

A

-sensory detection
-absorption
-secretion
-transport
-protection

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2
Q

epithelial structure: rules (4)

A

-avascular
-covers body surfaces
-lines internal, closed body cavities and tubes (like blood vessels)
-constitutes glands

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3
Q

how do epithelial cells exhibit polarity

A

-cells closely positioned and attached to one another
-attached basally to basement membrane
-face into a lumen or to outside world

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4
Q

3 domains of epithelial cells

A

-apical
-lateral
-basal

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5
Q

apical domain definition

A

borders on the lumen

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6
Q

lateral domain definition

A

borders on neighboring cells

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7
Q

basal domain definition

A

borders on basement membrane, related to underlying connective tissue

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8
Q

microvilli function

A

extend into lumen to increase surface area for absorption

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9
Q

where are microvilli found

A

intenstines and kidney tubules

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10
Q

microvilli aka

A

brush border or striated border

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11
Q

microvilli structure (4)

A

-villin at top
-actin core
-terminal web
-intermediate filaments

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12
Q

function of glycocalyx

A

increase surface area for absorption

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13
Q

glycocalyx structure

A

carbohydrate chains linked to membrane proteins or lipids

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14
Q

cilia definition

A

mobile, hair like structures extending from dark basal bodies

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15
Q

is glycocalyx associated with cilia? why

A

no, no absorption

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16
Q

how do cilia move and why

A

all in same direction for a specific purpose

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17
Q

how is core of cilia different from microvilli

A

cilia have core of microtubules

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18
Q

microtubules arrangement

A

9 + 2 (9 peripheral doublets and 2 central singlets )

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19
Q

function of basal bodies

A

anchor cilia

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20
Q

arrangement of basal bodies (2 different ways)

A

-9 triplets (9 groups of 3)
-turn into 9+2 as they extend into cilium

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21
Q

3 functions of lateral domain

A

-form selective barrier for things to go through or between
-adherence
-communication between cells

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22
Q

absorption takes place in which domains

A

apical mostly, some in lateral

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23
Q

3 parts of junctional complex: epithelial cells (list both names)

A

-zonula occludens (tight junction)
-zonula adherens (intermediate junction)
-macula adherens (desmosome/spot junction)

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24
Q

list junctions from most apical to basal

A

-zonula occludens is most apical
-desmosome is most basal

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25
Q

main functions of zonula occuldens/tight junction (2)

A

-form protective barrier between epithelial cells (first line of defense)
-separate luminal space from intercellular space and connective tissue

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26
Q

how can the tight junction change

A

can be really tight or leaky depending on tissue type (would want it to be very tight in blood brain barrier to prevent substances from entering)

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27
Q

zonula occludens: how does it work

A

-plasma membranes of 2 neighboring epithelial cells are joined together intermittently
-will separate and come back together for contact before separating again

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28
Q

leakiness of zonula occludens is related to what

A

number of ridges and grooves

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29
Q

after zonula occludens, do cells every come back together

A

no

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30
Q

zonula adherens main function

A

cell to cell adhesion, but cells do not contact each other directly

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31
Q

2 components found in zonula adherens

A

-actin
-intermediate filaments

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32
Q

what joins cell cytoskeletons together: epithelial cells

A

linking proteins

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33
Q

main function of desmosomes

A

cell to cell adhesion, but cells don’t touch

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34
Q

macula adherens/desmosome structure

A

-attachment plaques
-intermediate filaments
-linking proteins

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35
Q

attachment plaques function

A

-associate with intermediate filaments to provide more structure and stability for desmosome

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36
Q

what are spot welds in desmosome/macula adherens

A

small dot of adhesion attached to intermediate filaments

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37
Q

are gap junctions part of the junctional complex

A

no

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38
Q

gap junction definition

A

-specialized lateral domain

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39
Q

main function of gap junction

A

exchange or signaling between adjacent cells

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40
Q

how do gap junctions work

A

-2 cells approach each other and get very close (2 nm wide gap)
-allows for direct passage of signaling molecules from one cell to another

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41
Q

where are gap junctions found (what kind of tissues)

A

-tissues that accomplish coordinated functions
-cardiac muscle, neurons, rods and cones

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42
Q

gap junction structure (2)

A

-2 cell membranes
-communicating connexons

43
Q

connexons can be ______ or __________

A

open, closed

44
Q

how connexons work

A

connexons come together between 2 cell membranes
-substances pass through connexons

45
Q

what substances can’t enter the connexon

A

substances in intracellular space

46
Q

can substances in the connexon can’t leak into the intracellular space

A

no

47
Q

what is the lateral domain composed of

A

junctional complex and gap junctions

48
Q

which way does the basal domain face

A

towards basement membrane

49
Q

f

A
50
Q

what is basement membrane stained with

A

periodic acid schiff

51
Q

2 components of basement membrane

A

-basal lamina
-reticular lamina

52
Q

2 ways epithelial cell attaches to basal lamina

A

-hemidesmosomes
-focal adhesions

53
Q

hemidesmosome means

A

1/2 desmosome

54
Q

hemidesmosomes are associated with

A

attachment plaques and intermediate filaments

55
Q

function of attachment plaque

A

attach cell to basal lamina

56
Q

attachment plaques are associated directly with

A

intermediate filaments

57
Q

focal adhesions are important for

A

mechanoreception and propioception

58
Q

focal adhesions are associated with

A

actin filaments

59
Q

classification of covering epithelium: 2 main ways (general)

A

-number of cell layers
-shape of cell closest to lumen or outside world (apical)

60
Q

in terms of number of cell layers, epithelial cells can be __________ or ______________

A

simple, stratified

61
Q

simple epithelium definition

A

-one layer
-every single cell touches the basement membrane

62
Q

3 epithelial cell shapes

A

-squamous
-cuboidal
-columna

63
Q

stratified epithelium definition

A

more than 1 layer

64
Q

how are stratified epithelium named

A

for shape of cells in apical layer

65
Q

2 types of stratified epithelium

A

-keratinized
-non keratinized

66
Q

keratinized stratified epithelium

A

-not alive, no nuclei
-toughest
-makes up most skin

67
Q

pseudostratified epithelium are always what shape

A

columnar

68
Q

is pseudostratified epithelium simple or stratified

A

simple

69
Q

feature of simple epithelium

A

basal cells which don’t go up all the way to lumen but still touch basement membrane

70
Q

transitional epithelium is a subtype of which kind of epithelium

A

stratified

71
Q

transitional epithelium unique feature

A

rounded surface cells gives epithelial cells distensible property

72
Q

transitional epithelium is only found in which organ

A

urinary bladder

73
Q

transitional epithelium aka

A

urothelium

74
Q

apical cells of transitional epithelium are rounded when

A

no urine is in bladder

75
Q

glands are created partially from

A

epithelial tissue

76
Q

2 types of subtissue that create glands

A

-parenchyma
-stroma

77
Q

parenchyma: origination and function

A

-created from epithelial cells
-working cells
-secrete mucous, sweat, etc

78
Q

stroma: origination and functions

A

-created from connective tissue
-supporting tissue

79
Q

2 kinds of glands: general

A

endocrine and exocrine

80
Q

endocrine glands: function

A

secrete hormones into blood or lymphatic vessels located in connective tissue

81
Q

exocrine glands function

A

secrete into ducts

82
Q

where does secretion take place normally (apical or basal)

A

apical

83
Q

endocrine glands exhibit what unique features (2)

A

-ductless, no lumen
-polarized towards basement membrane instead of apical surface (reverse polarity)

84
Q

where do endocrine secretions go

A

into blood vessels (capillaries) in stroma

85
Q

2 types of endocrine secretion

A

-regulated
-constitutive

86
Q

constitutive endocrine secretion

A

endocrine cells that secrete steroid hormones

87
Q

in endocrine cells, which organelle is likely in abundance

A

smooth ER

88
Q

regulated endocrine secretion

A

secretion is regulated by stimulus

89
Q

2 ways exocrine glands are classified

A

-structure
-type of secretion

90
Q

structure of exocrine glands can be divided into 2 parts:

A

-branching of ducts
-shape of secretory unit

91
Q

2 types of branching: exocrine glands

A

-simple (little to no branching)
-compound (multiple layers)

92
Q

2 shapes of secretory unit: exocrine glands

A

-tubular
-acinar (berry shaped)

93
Q

2 types of secretion: exocrine glands

A

-serous (watery)
-mucous

94
Q

serous secreting compound glands: structure/appearance

A

-cells are apical to duct
-nucleus is always basal
-secretion is apical
-pyramidal shape

95
Q

under light EM, are mucous cells or serous cells darker

A

serous cells

96
Q

what organelle is abundant in basal portion of cell of serous secreting glands

A

rough ER

97
Q

where is golgi complex located in serous secreting compound glands

A

above nucleus, near secretory granules

98
Q

where are secretory vesicles located in cell of serous secreting glands

A

apical cytoplasm near lumen

99
Q

how are mucous secreting glands classified as epithelium

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

100
Q

example of mucous secreting gland

A

goblet cells

101
Q

what do goblet cells secrete specifically

A

mucins (hydrophilic glycoproteins)

102
Q

organelles present and orientation difference between serous and mucous cells?

A

no

103
Q

how to tell serous and mucous cells apart

A

-mucous: lumen tend to be larger, nuclei look compressed because mucous is heavy

Anatomy I (35 decks)

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